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Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Disorders


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Cardiovascular  and Peripheral Vascular Disorders


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[Front]


What is the term for cramp-like pains and fatigue in the calves brought on by exercise and relieved by rest?
[Back]


Intermittent Claudication

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Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Disorders - Details

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158 questions
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What does PATCHES stand for?
Pulse, Appearance, Temperature, Capillary refill, Hardness, Edema, Sensation
What increases cardiovascular events in people aged 40-70?
Every 20 (systolic)/10 (diastolic) mm-Hg increase in blood pressure
SA node is also know as the..
Pacemaker; regulates the heartbeat
How often should peripheral pulse be checked after cardiac catheterization?
Every 15 minutes for one hour, and then with decreasing frequency
Following cardiac catheterization, the patient is required to lie..
Supine, with compression device over insertion site (to prevent hemorrhage)
List the entire blood circulation pattern
Superior or inferior vena cava- Right atrium- Tricuspid valve- Right ventricle- Pulmonary semilunar valve- pulmonary artery- Capillaries in the lungs- Pulmonary veins- Left atrium- Mitral (bicuspid) valve- Left ventricle- Aortic semilunar valve- Aorta
What is the desirable total cholesterol level?
Less than 200 (borderline is 200-239, high is greater than 240)
Define Atrial fibrillation
Disorganized electrical activity in the atria causing it to quiver and beat chaotically; 350-600 bpm
What is the goal of anticoagulation therapy?
To maintain INR between 2 and 3
What is TEE (Transesophageal echocardiography) used for?
To detect a thrombus in the atria before proceeding with cardioversion
What are the symptoms of second degree heart block?
Vertigo, weakness and irregular pulse
What are the signs/symptoms of third degree heart block?
Hypotension, angina, bradycardia; heart rate is 30-40 bpm
What is atrioventricular block?
A defect in the AV junction slows or impairs conduction of impulses from SA node to ventricles
Ventricular tachycardia occurs when..
3 or more successive PVC's occur
Where is a Pacemaker placed?
In the right atrium, right ventricle, or both
Where is a permanent pacemaker power source placed?
Subcutaneously over pectoral muscle on nondominant side
What is the aim of CPR?
To establish circulation and ventilation; prevention of damage to brain, heart, liver and kidneys .
What is CAB?
Circulation, restore Airway, restore Breathing
Symptoms of pacemaker failure:
Weakness, vertigo, chest pain, pulse changes
What is angina pectoris?
Paroxysmal thoracic pain and choking feeling caused by decreased oxygen flow to the myocardium.
What is the number one killer in the US?
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Angina pectoris commonly feels like..
A heaviness of tightness of the chest; sometimes thought to be indigestion.
What causes a myocardial infarction?
Obstruction of a major coronary artery or one of its branches by atherosclerotic plaque or an embolus; leading to necrosis of the heart muscle
How long does a myocardial infarction last?
30 minutes to several hours (or longer)
What are the 2 major parts of cardiac rehabilitation?
1. Exercise training 2. Education to understand and reduce risk of future heart conditions
What is heart failure?
Circulatory congestion caused by the heart's inability to pump effectively
How should a patient with pulmonary edema sit?
Upright, with legs in dependent position
What is valvular stenosis?
Thickening of the valve tissue, causing the valve to narrow
What is valvular insufficiency?
The heart valve is unable to close completely
What is a prominent factor in development of valvular heart disease?
Rheumatic fever; usually 10-40 years after an episode
Valvular heart disease requires regular visits to:
The dentist; good oral hygiene is important
Which 2 positions lower the oxygen requirements in someone with heart failure?
1. Elevating head of the bed to 45 degrees 2. Have patient sit at the edge of the bed with arms resting on overbed table
How does rheumatic heart disease affect the heart?
The affected tissue develops areas of necrosis, which leaves scar tissue when it heals.; usually resulting in thickened and deformed valves
Rheumatic fever is caused by:
Untreated childhood pharyngeal or upper respiratory tract infection; group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
What can alleviate pain due to pericarditis?
Sitting up and leaning forward; aggravated by lying supine, deep breathing, coughing, swallowing, moving the trunk
What kind of pain does pericarditis cause?
Debilitating pain, much like a myocardial infarction
Which drug is most commonly associated with cardiomyopathy?
Cocaine; intense vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries
What are some contraindications for heart transplant?
Active infection, active or recent malignancy, severe obesity, active peptic ulcer disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus with end organ damage
The peripheral vascular system consists of what?
Arteries, capillaries, and veins
Stage 1 hypertension is defined as:
Blood pressure 140-159/90-99 mm-hg
What is a hypertensive crisis?
A blood pressure of 180/110mm-hg or greater
What is malignant hypertension?
Severe, rapid elevation in blood pressure that damages the small arterioles in major organs
Malignant hypertension is most common in which individul?
African-American men under 40 years of age
What are the classic five P's of arterial occlusion?
Pain, Pulselessness, Pallor, Paresthesia, Paralysis
What is an arterial emboli?
Blood clots in the arterial blood stream