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National 5: Biology

Revision cards for the whole National 5 Biology course. Includes: Cell Biology, multicellular organisms and life on earth.


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National 5: Biology


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[Front]


What is meant by a cell's 'ultrastructure'?
[Back]


All the organelles in a cell

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National 5: Biology - Details

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447 questions
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What are the four types of cells?
Plant, Animal, Fungi, Bacteria
What structures are present in a plant cell? (name 8)
Cell Wall, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, mitochondrion, nucleus, vacuole, chloroplasts, ribosome
What structures are present in an animal cell?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, nucleus, ribosome
What structures are present in a fungal cell? (name 7)
Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, ribosome, mitochondrion
What structures are present in a bacterial cell? (name 6)
Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, circular chromosome, plasmid, ribosome
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls entry and exit of molecules to cells
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls cell activities (contains genetic information/DNA)
What is the function of ribosomes?
Sites of protein synthesis
What is the function of mitochondria?
Sites of aerobic respiration
What is the function of the cell wall?
Gives the cell support and structure
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Contain chlorophyll, traps light for photosynthesis
What is C in this diagram?
Circular chromosome
NA
NA
In which cells are chromosomes found?
Plant, animal, bacterial, fungal (in nucleus or in circular chromosome)
NA
NA
NA
NA
Describe the plasmid (refer to survival)
Ring of extra genetic information which can help survival in particular conditions
What is the function of the cell membrane
Controls entry and exit of molecules to cells
The cell membrane is ____ _____
Selectively permeable
Define "selectively permeable"
It will only allow the passage of smaller, soluble molecules through the membrane
What is meant by bilayer?
Structure composed of two layers of molecules
Where in the membrane will large molecules like glucose go through?
Channel forming proteins so they can move through the membrane in a pore
What is the function of other proteins in the cell membrane?
Act as carriers to transport molecules and ions across the membrane
What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration of the molecule to a region of lower concentration
What is a concentration gradient?
Different between two concentrations
Why do substances require glucose and oxygen
So they can release energy during aerobic respiration
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
What happens when a soluble substance dissolves in water?
Its molecules spread out into the spaces between the water molecules
What is a solvent?
A substance that is able to dissolve other substances
What is a solute?
A substance that is dissolved in the solvent
What is active transport
The movement of ions and molecules through the cell membrane from a lower concentration of the ions/molecules to a higher concentration of the ions/molecules
What is a gene?
A section of DNA which codes for making a protein to give you a characteristic
What is DNA?
A double stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs
Name the two base pairs that make up the genetic code
Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine
What are proteins made of?
Many subunits called amino acids linked together in long chains by peptide bonds
What does the sequence of amino acids of a protein determine?
The structure and function of the protein
What does the DNA base sequence determine?
The amino acid sequence in proteins
How is mRNA molecule produced?
When genetic code is copied