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Architectural History - Lecture 01 - Prehistoric


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Anthony Gharby


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[Front]


Leantos
Leantos
[Back]


- Built against one cave wall - Based by stone - Animal skins curtain draped over wooden posts

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Architectural History - Lecture 01 - Prehistoric - Details

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Leantos
- Built against one cave wall - Based by stone - Animal skins curtain draped over wooden posts
Molodova Hut
- more developed form - oval form made from Mammoth bones and tree leaves as foundation also covered with animal skins
Paleolithic Age
- Old Stone Age - 2 million years ago
The Tongus Hut
Temporary Shelter
Tents
- Wooden posts driven into earth covered with skins - More secure than leantos - The area was more flexible - More developed and paved interiors
Primitive Needs for Existence
- Food - Water - Shelter - Good Climate
Food Supply
- Hunting: Men - Fishing - Food Gathering: Woman
Hunting Weapons
- Rocks and Stones (Axes and Spears)
Cave Paintings
- When fire was discovered - Representation of Art and Documentation during the paleolithic Age
Dwelling Materials
Wood & Stone
Temporary Paleolithic Shelters
- Huts - Leantos - Tents
Caves
- Natural Dwelling - Most Common Type - Usually an Underground space enough for a human - Most primitive type of habitat and it was found in different spots around the globe. - Examples: Rock Shelters , Grottos, Sea Caves
Lascaux Cave (France)
- Permanent shelter discovered in 1940 - Used by several generation of people - Entered through one entry to a large hall then branches out into other spaces - Interior has elaborate paintings of animals and hunting scenes
Temporary Shelter Materials
Wooden logs, branches , leaves and animal skins
Temporary Shelter Construction
Digging holes, tying tree branches and covering them with animal skins to make a shelter.
Huts
- Oval and Round shaped structure - Built with hay stakes with stones as supporters - Posts are used to support the main structure - Floor was furnished with animal skins - Often built near the sea shore.
Bambuti Hut
Temporary Shelter
Mesolithic Age
- Middle Stone Age - 20000 BC –9500 BC
More Settled and Developed Hunters
- Semi-permanent human settlements started to develop around water sources (Villages ) - Agriculture was discovered , also farming tools started to be developed. - Animals started to be domesticated - Fishing was developing and Fishing nets were discovered. - Hunting tools started to be more well designed to ease the process of hunting.
Construction Material
Structure was mostly made of plants (ex: Bamboo)
Houses and Dwellings
- Houses started to align in rows with more regular plans - Dwellings became more durable to suite the human needs more than the Paleolithic period.
Huts
- Huts were trapezoidal in form with different variety of sizes from (5.5m to 30m) , the main posts supporting the building was reinforced with stones. - Built near the water supply
Neolithic
- New Stone Age - 9000 BC –3000 BC
New Stone Age
- People stopped wandering and settled down in permanent settlements due Agriculture development - Basic of Social Organization is introduced - Skills were developed, marking start of civilization - Villages were established and grew, protected by walls - Learnt to domesticate animals, farm and grow crops, make pottery and weave cloth
New Stone Age
- Tendencies to understand the forces of nature the both nourished and destroys. - Started to understand the weather cycles, planets motion. - Gradually introduced the idea of religion - Confusion about death and life after death led to introduction of tombs - Commonly connected with the development of agriculture
Neolithic Houses
Built with square or rectangular plans with sections divided with animal skins ( rooms)