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Bio 102 Quiz #6 Review - Leaderboard
Bio 102 Quiz #6 Review - Details
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Questions:
45 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Bacteria transformed with plasmids are plated on growth medium containing ampicillin and X-gal. White colonies on the plate contain bacteria with a ____ plasmid, meaning the lacZ+ gene is ___ | Recombinant; disrupted by the inserted DNA fragment |
| When cloning DNA into bacteria, the ____ | DNA sequence is inserted into a plasmid |
| In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move towards the ____ pole because they ____ | Positive; are negatively charged |
| Restriction endonucleases break ____ bonds. | Phosphodiester |
| The key elements of a PCR reaction are ____ | DNA with the target sequence to be amplified, a pair of primers, the four nucleoside triphosphates, and DNA polymerase |
| Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) are used to ____ | Compare the DNA sequences between individuals by looking for changes in restriction enzyme digest patterns |
| In which situation would gene cloning occur? | A DNA fragment is inserted into a plasmid, which is then introduced to a bacterium where the plasmid replicates. |
| Proteins called transcription factors are involved in ____ of transcription. | The initiation stage |
| What is the natural function of restriction endonucleases? | Defense against viruses that infect bacteria |
| Why are numerous replication cycles – each performed at three difference temperatures – a necessary part of a PCR reaction? | The initial cycles do not produce many copies of the target sequence, but since the number of molecules produced doubles with each cycle, millions of copies are produced after 20-30 cycles. |
| Plasmid cloning vectors generally contain genes for which two traits? | Β-galactosidase enzyme production and ampicillin resistance |
| Which component of the PCR reaction is responsible for its specificity? | The pair of DNA primers |
| The primary difference between individual nucleated cells in a developing zygote is the ____. | Differential expression of regulated genes |
| The poly(A) tail of an mRNA ____ | Protects the mRNA from attack by RNA-digesting enzymes |
| Plasmids are ____ | Circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from chromosomal DNA |
| In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the start codon (or initiator codon) is ____, which codes for the amino acid ____ | AUG; methionine |
| Exon | Amino-acid coding sequence retained in mature mRNA |
| Terminator | Indicates the end of transcription in prokaryotes |
| Stop codon | Indicates the end of translation |
| Promoter | Control sequence ahead of a transcription unit |
| Start codon | First codon read in translation |
| Biotechnology | Any technique applied to biological systems or living organisms to make or modify products or processes for a specific purpose |
| Cartagena Protocol Biosafety | An international agreement on the safe use and handling of GMOs. |
| Short tandom repeat | Short 2–6 bp sequences repeated in series |
| Recombinant DNA | DNA from two different sources that have been joined together into a single molecule |
| Restriction Fragments | The products of restriction endonuclease action. |
| DNA Fingerprinting | Using STR loci, this technique revealed that the source of Dolly's genomic DNA was the ewe who supplied the mammary cell |
| Restriction Endonucleases | Bacterial enzymes that recognize and cut specific DNA sequences. |
| PCR | This procedure can be described as a photocopy machine for specific DNA sequences. |
| Genetic Engineering | DNA technology used to alter genes in a cell or organism. |
| Agarose gel electrophoresis | This technique is used to separate DNA molecules based on their relative sizes. |
| Transgenic | This term is used to describe organisms that have been modified to contain genetic information from an external source |