Biochem- Neurotransmitter
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Biochem- Neurotransmitter - Details
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Possess hormonal activity especially in gut hormones | Neuropeptides |
| Excitatory Neurotransmitters | Glutamate and Aspartate |
| Inhibitory Neurotransmitters | Glycine and GABA |
| Catecholamines | Dopamine, Epi/Norepi |
| Indoleamines | Serotonin, Melatonin |
| Opiods | Enkephalins, Endorphins, Dynorphins |
| Tachykinins | Substance P, Neurokinin |
| Neuropeptides | Opioids, tachykinins, gut peptides |
| Excitatory action of Ach | Nicotinic Receptor |
| Inhibitory action of Ach | Muscarinic Receptor |
| Involve secondary messenger | Metabotrophic |
| Ligand-gated ion channels | Ionotropic |
| Detect the rise in Calcium | Synaptotagmin |
| SNAP Receptors | SNARE |
| Contain synaptotagmin and synaptobrevin | Vesicular membrane |
| Contain syntaxin and SNAP-25 | Presynaptic Membrane |
| Contain syntaxin and SNAP-25 | Presynaptic Membrane |
| Autoimmune disease assoc with small cell lung carcinoma which do not have ABs against presyn. VG Calcium ch | Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome |
| CM: Flaccid skeletal muscle paralysis | Botulinum toxicity |
| CM: Flaccid skeletal muscle paralysis | Botulinum toxicity |
| Enzyme needed to convert A-coa and Choline to Ach | Choline-acetyltransferase |
| Rate limiting step of syn of Ach | Choline transport |
| 2 major constellations of cholinergic neurons in brain | Basal forebrain constellation of Choli neurons and Dorsolateral pontine tegmental constellation of cholinergic neurons |
| Liberates choline and acetate | Acetylcholinesterase |
| Taken up by neuron again | Choline |
| Treated with drugs that inhibit Acetylcholinesterase | Alzheimer's disease |
| Autoimmune disease where there is AB-mediated destruction of Ach receptors and complement-mediated lysis of muscular CM at NMJ | Myasthenia Gravis |
| Assoc with Thymoma (w/c req surgery) | Myasthenia Gravis |
| Used as insecticides which exposure can cause cholinergic crisis | Organophosphates |
| Other causes of CCrisis | Ingestion of Amanita mushroom, overdose, nerve gas agents |
| Classic manifestation of CC | SLUDGE BBB DM |
| Treatment for CC | Atropine and Pralidoxine (wlc react Acetylcholinestrase) |
| Symptoms of AC toxicity | Dilated pupils, dec secretions, hyperthermia, tachy, arrythmias |
| Syn in neuronal RER where it is conv to Propeptide | Prepropeptides |
| Carry the propeptides along axon to nerve terminal | Fast axonal transport via Microtubule and kinesins (40 mm/day) |
| Symptoms of botulinum toxicity | Diplopia, ptosis, dysphagia, dysarthria |
| Provides cholinergic innervation to entire neocortex | Basal forebrain constellation |
| Possess central Ach that contribute to drowsiness and grogginess patients experienced | Diphenyhydramine and Hydroxyzine |
| Drugs that are Acetylcholineterase inhibitors w/c prolongs action of Ach | Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine |
| Enhance the activity of basal forebrain in response to dopamine | Nucleus Accumbens |
| Contains chollinergic neurons that project to basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, reticular formation and deep cerebrellar nuclei | Dorsolateral tegmentum of pons (pedunculopontine area) |
| Major func of pedunculopontine area | Regulation of forebrain activity during sleep |