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118 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Once it has more than 5 employees. | When must an organisation have a Health and Safety Policy? |
| Ensure that effective precautions are in place to prevent accidents and/or ill health arising from work. | What is the primary objective of health and safety risk assessment |
| Periodically, or whenever circumstances change, or if you have reason to believe the assessment is no longer valid | When should a risk assessment be reviewed |
| Before the task | When should you do a risk assessment? |
| . | Evaluating Risk |
| There may be no injury or a minor injury for which local first aid attention will be sufficient | Trivial Consequence |
| An accident would result in time off work, broken bones, chemical burns, poisoning or hospitalisation | Significant Consequence |
| Death, loss of limb, loss of sight in one or both eyes | Severe Consequence |
| Work cannot be carried out until more safety controls are in place | If risk from hazard is rated high what happens? |
| 1. Elimination 2. Substitution 3. Physical Control 4. Administrative Control 5.PPE | Hierarchy of Control |
| 3 years | How long must a risk assessment be held? |
| Comprises those strategies and methods to detect and assess systematically the adverse effects of work on the health of the workers. | What is health surveillance? |
| When any employee is at risk from hazardous substances covered by COSHH | When is health surveillance necessary? |
| Control of Substances Hazardous to Health | What does COSHH stand for? |
| Dangerous to enviroment, toxic, gas under pressure, Corrosive, Explosive, Flammable, Caution (eg skin irritation), Oxidising, long term health hazards (carcinogenicity) | What are the symbols? |
| Asbestos and Lead Biological agents outside employers control (catching infection from colleague) | What substances does COSHH not apply to? |
| Any substance intended to be used in the manufacture of a medical product and that, when so used, becomes an active ingredient of the medical product. | Active Ingredient (AI) or Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) |
| Stabilisers, preservatives, sweeteners,pH regulators | Example of an excipient |
| – Paracetamol (AI), – Hydroxypropyl cellulose (binder), – Maize starch (disintegrant), – Talcum (Glident) and – Magnesium stearate (lubricant). | What does Paracetamol tablet contain? |
| Diagram | The life of medicines |
| When satisfied that a product works it is given marketing authorisation or product license | Marketing authorisation |
| To ensure only authorised manufacturers manufacture licensed products | Manufacturing authorisation |
| - Quality Management System (QMS) – Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and – Quality Assurance (QA) – Quality Control (QC) | The attainment of quality is the responsibility of management and relies on what? |
| The planned and systematic activities necessary to provide adequate confidence that the product or service will meet the given requirements | Quality Assurance |
| QA is process orientated and QC is product orientated | Whats the difference between QA and QC |
| They define how to carry out protocol specified activities. Most often they are written in a chronological listing of action steps. | Standard Operating Procedures |
| Can be detected and corrected Affect all results in an analytical series in the same direction | Systematic errors |
| Cannot be detected Random in nature | Random Errors |
| X-Xt | Absolute Error |
| (X-Xt/Xt) x 100% | Relative Error |
| The selection of a random sample; each element of the population has an equal chance of being selected | Random Sampling |
| Division of population into subsets and then random sampled e.g split population into men and women then randomly sample from men and randomly sample for women | Stratified random sampling |
| Sampling at given intervals | Systematic sampling |
| Divide population into sections (Clusters) randomly select a few of the sections, choosing all members from them | Cluster sampling |
| Using data that is readily available | Convenience sampling |
| . | Variance Equation |
| The square root of the variance | Standard Deviation |
| (standard deviation/mean) x 100% | Relative Standard Deviation |
| An interval with a given probability that the true value lies within - degrees of freedom = n-1 t = taken from table u = true value | Confidence Intervals |
| 6.023 x 10^23 atoms or molecules | Mole (avogrados constant) |
| Mass of substance/RFM | Number of moles = |
| The number of moles of dissolved substance (solute) in a given volume of liquid (solution) | Molarity of a solution |
| One mole of given substance in one litre | Molar solution (1M) |
| Increases solubility | Increasing temp |
| The amount of a substance per volume of solution | Concentration |
| C1 x V1 = C2 x V2 where C is in Moles and V in litres | Making a dilution |
| Ratio between the initial concentration of stock (starting solution) and the concentration of the final solution. | Dilution factor |
| Final concentration required / concentration of stock solution | Dilution factor equation |
| - electron pair is most likely to be found on the line between the two nuclei - most simple bond | Sigma bond |
| . | Sigma bonding and anti sigma bonding |
| - lower energy than original atoms - energy released when formed - hydrogen molecule more energetically stable than original atoms | Bonding orbital |
| - less energetically stable than original atoms - most cases empty of electrons - shown with * after its symbol - no attractions, instead get repulsions | Anti-bonding orbital |
| Contain lone pairs of electrons at bonding level | Non-bonding orbitals |
| The study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy (light) | What is spectroscopy? |
| - Reflect - Transmit - Absorb | How does matter interact with electromagnetic radiation? |
| The distance (measured in the direction of propagation) between two points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave | Wavelength (l) |
| Distance traveled by a wave in one second | Velocity (c) |
| C = lv speed of light is 3 x 10^8 - shorter l means greater frequency and higher energy | Speed of light equation |
| . | Typical Spectormeter |
| A spectrometer which measures intensity as a function of wavelength (or colour) of light (absolute intensity of light). | Spectrophotometer |
| - Wavelength they analyse - Methods of measurement - Means of data acquisition - Ability to differentiate between intensities | Classify Spectrophotometers |
| - Absorption (UV/Vis, infrared) - Emission (Fluorescence) - Scattering (Raman) | Spectroscopic Techniques |
| 1 - pi bonding to pi anti bonding 2 - non bonding to pi anti bonding 3 - non bonding to sigma anti bonding | Main Energy jumps associated with absorption of radiation |
| The lower the wavelength of light absorbed | The larger the energy jump... |
| 200nm - 800nm (1.5eV - 6.2eV) | What range does an absorption spectrometer work? |
| Groups in a molecule that absorb light | Chromophores |
| A = ecl e - M^-1cm^-1 (or mol/L/cm) c - M (or mol/L) l - cm | Beer-Lambert Law |
| Has filter/monochromator between source and sample to analyse one wavelength at a time | Single beam instrument |
| - contains a splitter and a series of mirrors to get the beam to the reference sample and the sample to be analysed - allows for more accurate readings | Double beam instrument |