Chapters 7,9,10
🇬🇧
In English
In English
Practice Known Questions
Stay up to date with your due questions
Complete 5 questions to enable practice
Exams
Exam: Test your skills
Test your skills in exam mode
Learn New Questions
Manual Mode [BETA]
Select your own question and answer types
Specific modes
Learn with flashcards
Complete the sentence
Listening & SpellingSpelling: Type what you hear
multiple choiceMultiple choice mode
SpeakingAnswer with voice
Speaking & ListeningPractice pronunciation
TypingTyping only mode
Chapters 7,9,10 - Leaderboard
Chapters 7,9,10 - Details
Levels:
Questions:
145 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Microorganisms | Naturally present on and in the human body and in the environment (tiny usually microscopic, entities capable of carrying on living processes) |
| Infection Prevention and Control | Policies and procedures to minimize the spread of health care associated or Community acquired infections |
| Asepsis | The absence of pathogenic microorganisms |
| Medical asepsis | Known as the clean technique |
| Surgical asepsis | Known as the sterile technique |
| Chain of infection | Infection agent, reservoir, portal of exit, method of transmission, portal of entry, host |
| What is an effective way to disrupt the chain of infection | Medical asepsis |
| Disinfection | The use of a chemical that can be applied to objects to destroy microorganisms |
| Antiseptic | A substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganism and may be used humans |
| Aerobic bacteria | Grows only in the presence of oxygen |
| Anaerobic | Bacteria grows only in the absence of oxygen |
| Spore | A round body that is formed by the bacterium when conditions are unfavorable for growth of the bacterium |
| Bacillus anthracis | Causes the acute infectious disease of anthrax |
| What are the three forms of anthrax infection | Cutaneous, gastrointestinal, inhalation |
| Reservoir | Any natural habitat of a micrograms that promotes growth and reproduction |
| Carrier or vector | Is a person or animal that does not become ill but harbors and spreads organisms, causing disease in others |
| Vehicle | Is the means by which microorganisms are carried about and transported to the next host |
| Contamination | Means a condition of being soiled, stained, touched by, or otherwise exposed to harmful agents |
| Formite | The vehicle has an inanimate(nonliving) object |
| What should be kept clean, intact and lubricated to help prevent a entrance or exit route of microorganisms? | Skin its the first line of defense |
| Host | Is an organism in which another organism is nourished and harbored |
| What are a few factors that affect immunologic defense mechanism? | Chemo, disease process, environment, fatigue, lifestyle, radiation, stress, trauma etc |
| What are the normal defense mechanisms against infection? | Skin, mouthfeels, respiratory tract, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, vagina |
| What can a nurse do by knowing the chain of infection | Intervene and prevent infection from happening |
| Virulence | Disease causing power |
| Localized | Superficial wound infection |
| Systemic | An infection that affects the entire body instead of just a single organ or part & has the potential to be fatal |
| Inflammation | The body response to injury or infection at the cellular level |
| Wha does inflammation do | Delivers fluid, blood products, and nutrients to interstitial tissues in the area of an injury |
| Rubor | Rednesss |
| Leukocytosis | Increased white blood cell count |
| Malaise | Generalized discomfort |
| Health care-associated infection(HAI) (used to be nosocomial) | Infections patients get while undergoing treatment in a healthcare facility |
| CLABSI | Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections |
| CAUTIs | Catheter associated urinary tract infections |
| SSIs | Surgical site infections |
| VAP | Ventilator associated infections |
| Virulent | (exceedingly pathogenic) which makes them more likely places for infection |
| What makes people more susceptible to pathogens? | Weakened immune system from diseases, invasive procedures |
| Exogenous | (growing outside the body) infection is caused by microorganisms from another person |
| Endogenous | (growing within the body) is caused by patients own microorganisms |
| Infection control nurse | Advise hospital personnel on the development and implementation of safe patient care and monitoring infection in health care agencies |
| Centers for Disease Control an Prevention (CDC) | Provides facilities and services for investigation, prevention, and control of disease |
| Standard precautions | Guidelines from the CDC to reduce risk of blood borne pathogens and and pathogens from moist body substances ( microorganisms from both recognized and unrecognized) |
| What does hand hygiene do? | Most important and basic preventive technique that healthcare workers can use to interrupt the infection process |
| How many tiers of precaution | 2 first tier is standard precaution second tier is transmission precaution |
| Transmission precaution | Airborne, droplet, contact |
| Antiseptic is also known as what | Bacteriostatic (bacterio means microorganisms, static means referring to that which can't move or grow) |
| Cleaning | Removal of foreign materials, such as soils & organic material, from an object |
| Disinfection | Is used to destroy microorganisms |
| Sterilization | Refers to the methods used to kill all microorganisms, including spores |
| What are the two types of sterilization | Physical which uses heat or radiation, chemical which uses chemicals |
| Hygiene | Includes care of not only the skin but also the hair, hands, feet, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, back and perineum |
| Personal hygiene | Self care measures people use to maintain health and prevent disease |
| Pathogenic | Disease producing microorganisms |
| Fowlers | Head of bed raised 45-90 degrees |
| High fowler | Semi sitting up to full upright position |
| Semi fowlers or low fowlers | Head of bed raised to 30 degrees |
| Trendelenburgs | Entire bed tilted downward toward head of bed |
| Reverse trendelenburgs | Entire bed tilted down towards foot of bed |
| ROM | Normal movement that any given joint is capable of making |
| Vertigo | Dizziness |
| Syncope | Fainting |
| Hot water bath | Helps relieve muscle soreness and muscle spasms |
| Sitz bath | Cleanses and aids in reducing inflammation of the peri area or anal areas areas of patients who have had rectal/ vaginal surgery or given child birth |
| Canthus | Corner oof eyes |
| Axilla | The underarm area or armpit |
| Umbilicus | The depressed point in the middle of the abdomen |
| Prone position | Laying face down |
| Sims position | Side laying position |
| Supine | Laying face up |
| Febrile | Condition characterized by an elevated body temp |
| Intact skin | Is the first line of defense against infection by invasion of pathogenic organisms |
| Turgor | Elastic and firm |
| Pressure injury | Localized damage to the skin and or underlying soft tissue usually over bony prominence or related to medical or there device |
| Pressure injury stage 1 | Is localized area of skin, typically over boney promin, that is intact with nonblanchable redness |
| Stage 2 pressure injury | Involves partial- thickness loss of dermis, it appears as shallow open injury |
| Stage 3 pressure injury | Involves full thickness tissue loss, in which subcutaneous fat is sometimes visible, but bone, tendon, and muscle are no exposed |
| Stage 4 pressure injury | Involves full tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, cartilage or muscle |
| Unstageable pressure injury | Involves full thickness tissue loss, a wound base covered by slough ( yellow, tan, gray, green or brown) or black |
| Suspected deep tissue pressure injury | The wound appears as localized purple or maroon area of discolored intact skin or a blood-filled blister |
| Vasodilation | Increased blood flow to the area of the body being treated |
| Vasoconstriction | Narrowing of the blood vessels |
| Oral hygiene | Care of the oral cavity helps maintain a healthy state of mouth, teeth, gums and lips |
| Dentures | A set of artificial teeth not permanently fix or implanted |
| Anticoagulant therapy | Medications that increase the tendency to bleed |
| Labia majora | Large fold or lips |
| Labia minora | Small folds or lips |
| Circumorbital | Circular area around the eye |
| Cerumen | Ear wax |
| Defecation | Eliminating feces |
| Sentinel event | An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury or the risk thereof |
| Safety reminder device (SRD) | Any part of the numerous devices used to immobilize a patient or part of the patients body such as arms or hands |
| Elopement | Leaving the healthcare facility without permission or necessary supervision |
| Hazard Communication Act - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | Federal organization that provides guidelines to help reduce safety hazards in the workplace |