Exam 2
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43 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Epidermis, dermis | Describe the two principle layers of skin |
| Papillary Layer Reticular Layer | What are the two layers of the dermis? |
| Areolar CT (elastic and collagen fibers) | What CT is in papillary layer? |
| Dense irregular CT (significantly thicker: 80% of thickness in dermis) | What CT is in Reticular Layer? |
| Forms extensions that reach out into the epidermis and contain capillaries that facilitate transport of nutrients | What does the dermal papillae found in papillary layer do? |
| Found in the dermal papillae | Where is the meissner's corpuscles located |
| Cleavage lines run longitudinally; less dense areas of CT form these lines | What are cleavage (tension) lines? |
| Small glands that secrete oily matter (sebum) to skin and hair folicles Found in Reticular layer | What are sebaceous glands and where are the found? |
| Fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes (immune cells) | What cells do both layers contain? |
| Located in reticular layer dead kerantinized cells | Where are hair follicles found and what cells hold them together? |
| Reticular Layer | Where are sweat glands found? |
| Start in reticular layer and goes our through epidermis Gives us goosebumps and is found right by hair root | Where are arrector pili muscles found and what is their function? |
| Adipocytes (fat cells: 1/2 of fat reserve stored here) Areolar CT | What cells and CT are found in the subcutaneous layer? |
| Below reticular layer (not considered a part of skin) | Where is the subcutaneous layer found? |
| Passageway for blood vessels and nerves from dermis to muscles and helps protect bones and muscles from damage | What is the function of the subcutaneous layer? |
| All over entire surface of skin except nipples and parts of genitalia | Where are glands found on body? |
| Ductless glands that secrete hormones into interstitial fluid and then picked up by blood vessels (IN BODY) | Endocrine gland |
| Have ducts and secrete fluid OUTSIDE of body | Exocrine (same as eccrine) |
| Watery secretion by exocytosis, cool down through exaporative cooling, get rid of waste (water/electrolytes) Saliva, sweat from palms, soles of feet, everywhere else | Merocrine (eccrine) function and example (Exocrine) |
| Entire cell breaks down to release sebum, lubricates skin, slows bacterial growth Found in face, chest, back sebaceous glands | Holocrine function and example (exocrine) |
| Merocrine: temperature regulation | Show how functional classification of exocrine glands is related to the mode by the cells to deliver their secretory products (merocrine) |
| Scent glands | Show how functional classification of exocrine glands is related to the mode by the cells to deliver their secretory products (apocrine) |
| Secrete ear wax | Show how functional classification of exocrine glands is related to the mode by the cells to deliver their secretory products (ceruminous) |
| Secrete milk | Show how functional classification of exocrine glands is related to the mode by the cells to deliver their secretory products (mammary) |
| Epidermal appendages that develop from the epidermis but are located within the dermis Hair follicle: formed within epidermal root, but nourished by dermal papillae Arrector Pili Muscles: attaches to hair follicles Nails Goosebumps | Definition of epidermal derivative and the organs found in this category |
| Melanin: brown pigment produced by melanocytes Carotene: yellow-orange pigment found in stratum corneum and subcutaneous layer Hemoglobin: from red blood cells | Components that contribute to skin color |
| Cancer of connective tissue | Sarcoma |
| Arises from abnormal growth of stratum basale in which cells lack ability to produce keratin Does not spread 78% of all cancers | Basal Cell Carcinoma |
| Arises from stratum spinosum May spread 20% of all skin cancers | Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
| Most dangerous Spreads rapidly and can kill a person within months of diagnosis Arises from melanocytes of preexisting moles 3% of all skin cancers | Malignant Melanoma |
| -Damage to epidermis -Blood vessels in dermis causing edema and redness -Heal in 2-3 days -No scarring, no blisters, tender | 1st degree burn |
| -Mobilizes body's defenses -Isolates and destroys microorganisms -Removes damages cells so repair can proceed | Vascular and cellular response in preparation for tissue repair (1st step) |
| Histamine: from mast cells Prostaglandins (from damaged cells) | Chemical mediators of inflammation releases by damaged tissues include |
| -Vasodilation of blood vessels (heat and redness) -Stimulate pain receptors -Increase permeability of vessels -Blood clot forms during inflammation (formed from protein and fibrin which come from blood) | What are the actions of histamine and prostaglandins? |