INHERITANCE MATTERS
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What is phenotype? | Observable expression of alleles resulting from an interaction with the environment. |
| What is epistasis? | Where an allele present on one chromosome interacts and affects the expression of an allele on another chromosome. |
| What is epigenetics? | Heritable changes in the DNA that do not affect the genetic code. |
| What is a dihybrid cross? | The effect of the inheritance of two different traits that are expressed by separate genes on two chromosomes. |
| What is a monohybrid cross? | The effect of the inheritance of one gene comprising of dominant and recessive alleles. |
| What is an allele? | A different version of the same gene that may have a dominant, recessive, or codominant effect on the trait expressed in the phenotype. |
| What is meant by dominant allele? | An allele for a trait that is expressed in the phenotype when only one of the two alleles is required. |
| What is meant by recessive allele? | An allele for a trait where both are required to be expressed in the phenotype. |
| What is meant by codominant? | Where both alleles within a genotype are expressed in the phenotype |
| What is the probability of a homozygous recessive phenotype (e.g. nnaa) in a dihybrid heterozygous cross e.g. NnAa x NnAa? | 0.0625 (6.25% or 1 in 16 or 1/16th) |
| What is the situation where alleles are carried on an X or Y chromosome e.g. colour blindness ? | Sex Linked |
| What is an autosome? | Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome e.g. not X or Y in humans |
| What is the situation when alleles are found on the same chromosome? | Autosomal Linkage |
| What process in meiotic cell division can compromise Autosomal linkage? | Crossing over/chiasmata |