PARASITOLOGY
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| It enables the parasite to move in a circular manner | Undulating membrane |
| It enables the parasite to move in a circular manner | Undulating membrane |
| It enables the parasite to move in a circular manner | Undulating membrane |
| It enables the parasite to move in a circular manner | Undulating membrane |
| It enables the parasite to move in a circular manner | Undulating membrane |
| It enables the parasite to move in a circular manner | Undulating membrane |
| Retortamonas intestinalis': Habitat? Developmental stage? Infective stage? Mode of transmission? | Large intestine |
| A symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship | Commensalism |
| A parasite living inside the body | Endoparasite |
| Parasite living outside the body | Ectoparasite |
| Presence of an ectoparasite on a host | Infestation |
| Remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life, | Permanent Parasite |
| They need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species. | Obligate parasites |
| A parasite, which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live, | Accidental or incidental parasite |
| May exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need | Facultative parasite |
| Lives on the host only for a short period of time. | Temporary parasite |
| A parasite, which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live | Accidental or incidental parasite |
| A parasite that lives on the host only for a short period of time. | Temporary parasite |
| Free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host. | Spurius parasite |
| One in which the parasite attains sexual maturity. | Definitive host |
| They allow the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection. | Reservoir host |
| Transmits the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host. | Biologic Vector |
| Only transports the parasite. | Mechanical vector |
| The period between infection and evidence of symptoms | Incubation period |
| Period between infection or acquisition of the parasite and evidence or demonstration of infection. | Biologic incubation period |
| The most common sources for parasitic infection are: | Contaminated soil and water. |
| Examples of parasites from night soil or infected soil | Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, and hookworm. |
| Examples of parasites from contaminated water (cysts) | Cysts of amebae or flagellates, as well as cercariae of Schistosoma |
| Which may contain the infective stage of the parasite, as exemplified by a number of? | Trematode and cestode infections |
| Consumption of undercooked or raw freshwater fish are present with what type of parasites? | Intestinal and liver fluke infections. |
| Raw Bullastra snails are associated with ___ infection. | Artyfechinostomum malayanum |
| Mosquitoes are vectors of ? | Malaria and filaria parasites. |
| Triatoma bugs are carriers of ____ causing Chagas disease. | Trypanosoma cruzi |
| Majority of infections with cestodes, trematodes, and intestinal protozoans are foodborne: such as? | Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, and Diphyllobothrium latum from eating food harboring the infective larval stages; |
| Are parasites from drinking water contaminated with cysts; | Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia |
| Are parasites through ingesting raw or improperly cooked freshwater fish containing infective larvae. | Clonorchis, Opistorchis, and Haplorchis |
| Skin penetration is another route of transmission. ___ enter via exposure of skin to soil, | Hookworms and Strongyloides |
| __-- enter skin via water. | Schistosoma species |
| Congenital transmission example. | Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites can cross the placental barrier during pregnancy. |
| The parasites may be transmitted through mother’s milk. | Ancylostoma and Strongyloides, |
| Sexual intercourse as in the case of | Trichomonas vaginalis. |
| The percentage of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite. | Cumulative prevalence |
| Burden of infection which is related to the number of worms per infected person. | Intensity of infection |
| Morbidity. | Clinical consequences of infections or diseases that affect an individual’s well-being |
| The percentage fall in egg counts after deworming based on examination of a stool or urine sample using a standard procedure at a set time after the treatment. | Egg reduction rate (ERR) |
| Population-level deworming in which the community is treated irrespective of age, sex, infection status, or other social characteristics. | Universal treatment |
| Entamoeba histolytica's: Habitat? Effect to host? Developmental stage? Infective stage? Mode of transmission? | Colon Pathogenic Cyst and Trophozoite Cyst Ingestion/ fecal oral route |
| Entamoeba coli's: Habitat? Effect to host? Developmental stage? Infective stage? Mode of transmission? | Colon Non-pathogenic Cyst and Trphozoite Cyst Ingestion/ fecal oral route |
| Endolimax nana's: Habitat? Effect to host? Developmental stage? Infective stage? Mode of transmission? | Colon Non-pathogenic Cyst and Trophozoite Cyst Ingestion/ fecal oral route |
| Iodamoeba butschii's: Habitat? Effect to host? Developmental stage? Infective stage? Mode of transmission? | Colon Non- pathogenic Cyst and Trophozoite Cyst Ingestion/ fecal oral route |
| Entamoeba gingivalis': Habitat? Effect to host? Developmental stage? Infective stage? Mode of transmission? | Buccal cavity/ oral cavity Non-pathogenic Trophozoite Trophozoite Oral contact |
| Parasite for head louse? | Pediculus humanus capitis |
| Parasite for body louse? | Pediculus humanus coporis |
| Reservoir host for bever? | Gardia lamblia |
| Reservoir host for sheeps and cattles | Fasciola hepatica |
| It is the parasite ascaris for dogs | Toxocara canis |
| It is the parasite ascaris for cats? | Toxocara cati |
| Process of encystation? | Trophozoite --> Pre cyts --> Cyst |
| Process of excystation? | Cyst --> metacystic trophozoite --> trophozoite |
| Entamoeba histolytica's: Size of cyst Number of nuclei in cyst Chromatodial bodies Size of trophozoite Karyosome Cytoplasmic inclusions | 10-2-0 um 1-4 cigar or bar shape 12-60 um Indistinct and central Ingested RBC and Bacteria |
| Entamoeba coli Size of cyst Number of nuclei in cyst Chromatodial bodies Size of trophozoite Karyosome Cytoplasmic inclusions | 10-35 um 1-8 Splintered ends w/ broomstick appearance 15-50 um Eccentric (not in the middle) Bacteria, food vacuoles and debri |
| Endolimax nana's: Size of cyst Number of nuclei in cyst Chromatodial bodies Size of trophozoite Karyosome Cytoplasmic inclusions | 5-10 um 4 Small spherical 6-12 um Irregular or blot like Bacteria, food vacuoles and debri |
| Iodamoeba butschii's: Size of cyst Number of nuclei in cyst Chromatodial bodies Size of trophozoite Karyosome Cytoplasmic inclusions | 5-20 um 1 No chromatoidal bodies but w/ large glycogen mass 8-20 um Surrounded w/ achromatic granules (Sunflower type) Bacteria, food vacuoles, and debri |
| Entamoeba gingivalis': Size of cyst Number of nuclei in cyst Chromatodial bodies Size of trophozoite Karyosome Cytoplasmic inclusions | 5-20 um Unable to produce cyst 10-20 um Food vacuoles and WBC |
| Iodine cyst | Iodamoeba butschii |
| With “Bull’s eye karyosome”; Tissue invading – can produce flask shaped ulcers | Entamoeba histolytica |
| With long finger like pseudopodia | Entamoeba histolytica |
| Regarded as “small race-histolytica” | Entamoeba hartmanni |
| Morphologically closest to Entamoeba histolytica, can be differentiated fro E. histolytica thru immunoassays or thru PCR | Entamoeba dispar Used to be Entamoeba hartmanni |
| Naegleri fowleri's: Regarded as an? Infective stage is Causes Thermophilic organism Acquired thru Diagnostic stage: Cyst is NOT SEEN in brain tissues; cyst has ____ wall Trophozoites : | Facultative, free leaving, ameboflagelate Ambeoid trophozoite Primarily amebic meningoencephalitis diving or swimming in stagnant water trophozoite in CSF & Brain Tissues; flagellated forms occasionally in CSF double and smooth outer wall ameboid trophozoite & flagellated trophozoite |