PTA 220
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| A psychosocial approach to explaining health-related behavior. Created to explain the failure of people to participate in programs to prevent or to detect disease. | Health Belief Model (HBM) |
| A biologic or psychologic alteration that results in a malfunction of a body organ or system. | Disease |
| Role of physical therapy professionals play in health promotion: | • Enhance function, • Improve overall fitness, • Address comorbidities and prevent additional onsets. |
| Goals of Healthy People 2020: | O Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. o Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. o Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. o Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. |
| Goals of Healthy People 2030: | O Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. o Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all. o Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all. o Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages. o Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all. |
| Healthcare that is preventative | Proactive healthcare |
| Healthcare that is rehabilitating | Reactive healthcare |
| Six dimensions of wellness: | • Emotional, • Occupational, • Physical, • Social, • Intellectual, • Spiritual |
| Awareness and acceptance of one’s feelings; understanding personal limitations; stress management. | Emotional dimension of wellness |
| Work satisfaction; positive attitude toward work; meaningful work; aligned with personal values. | Occupational dimension of wellness |
| Personal contribution to a community; mindful care of relationships. | Social dimension of wellness |
| Problem-solving, creativity, continuous learning; curiosity. | Intellectual dimension of wellness |
| Personal quest for meaning and purpose of life; awareness of natural forces. | Spiritual dimension of wellness |
| 5 common social determinants of health: | • Access to quality healthcare, • Access to quality education, • Social and community context, • Economic stability, • Neighborhood environment |
| 3 key modifiable personal health behaviors: | • Enhance self-awareness and knowledge of healthy habits. • Change behaviors that interfere with good health. • Create environments that support good health practices. |
| Learning occurs within a social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction between cognitive processes, environment, and behavior. | Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) |
| 6 constructs of the Social Cognitive Theory: | • Reciprocal determinism, • Behavioral capability, • Observational learning, • Reinforcements, • Expectations, • Self-efficacy |
| Person/environment/behavior. Each one is affected by the others. | Reciprocal determination construct of SCT |
| Must know what to perform and how to do it in order to make a change. | Behavioral capability construct of SCT |
| Ability to witness and observe others and reproduce results. | Observational learning construct of SCT |
| Internal or external responses that affect the likelihood to continue the behavior. | Reinforcements construct of SCT |
| Anticipated consequences from one’s behavior | Expectations construct of SCT |
| Self-confidence in ability to adapt and change behaviors. | Self-efficacy construct of SCT |
| A psychosocial approach to explaining health-related behavior. Created to explain the failure of people to participate in programs to prevent or to detect disease. | Health Belief Model (HBM) |
| 6 constructs of the Health Belief Model: | • Perceived susceptibility, • Perceived severity, • Perceived benefits, • Perceived barriers, • Cues to action, • Self-efficacy |
| Belief about getting a disease or condition. | Perceived susceptibility |
| Belief about the seriousness of the condition, or leaving it untreated and its consequences. | Perceived severity |
| Beliefs about the positive outcomes associated with a behavior in response to a real or perceived threat. | Perceived benefits |
| People at different stages of change will be motivated by different message content. | Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavioral change. |
| 5 constructs of the Transtheoretical Model: | • Precontemplation, • Contemplation, • Preparation, • Action, • Maintenance |
| No intention of making any changes within the next 6 months. | Precontemplation |
| Intend to make changes within the next 6 months. | Contemplation |
| 5 layers of the Social Ecological Model: | • Individual, • Interpersonal, • Organizational, • Community, • Public policy |
| Health promotion efforts designed to identify risk factors and prevent a target problem or condition in an individual or in a community/population as risk. | Primary prevention |
| Early diagnosis and reduction of functional decline and the severity or duration of existing disease and chronic conditions and sequelae to enhance activity and participation. | Secondary prevention |
| Use of rehabilitation to decrease the degree or limit the progression of disability and improve function in individuals with chronic conditions or irreversible diseases. | Tertiary prevention |
| Any effort taken to allow an individual, group, or community to achieve awareness of – and empowerment to pursue – prevention and wellness. | Health promotion |
| Minimal motion control of neck | Soft collar |
| Has mandibular and occipital extensions and a rigid anterior strut. Used for ligamentous and minor fractures. | Philadelphia collar |
| Corset brace that tightens around the lumbar region. | Lumbar corset |
| Moldable insert; warm and press against patient’s back in proper alignment; fits into a protective sleeve and corset. | Lumbar warm and form brace |
| Lumbar/sacral flexion-extension-lateral control | LS FEL brace |
| Hard plastic brace, molded to pt’s contours. Overlapping “shells” that close together like a clamshell with velcro and latched straps. | Oyster shell TLSO brace |
| Brace put around the knee to keep the knee from flexing. | Knee immobilizer |
| Soft brace worn to compress knee, allows flexion and extension. | Soft-form knee brace |
| Customized splint to maintain neutral position and open hand position to prevent abnormal tone after a stroke or brain injury. | Cock-up wrist splint |
| Used after a sprain or minor fracture/ORIF of humerus; maintains support of the arm, but less supportive than the abduction pillow. | Standard arm sling |
| Used for major surgeries like total shoulder replacement or rotator cuff repair. Keeps your arm in abduction while protecting it with a pillow. | Shoulder abduction pillow |
| Orthotic that helps with ankle and foot control | Standard AFO – Ankle-Foot orthotic, |
| Orthotic that promotes free ankle movements | Dynamic AFO |
| Used with pts with more extensive paralysis/paresis or limb deformity. Consist of a shoe, foundation, ankle control, foot control, knee control, and superstructure. | KAFO – knee-ankle-foot orthotic |
| Same as KAFO, but a pelvic band and hip joints are added. Prevents hip abduction, adduction, and rotation. | HKAFO – hip-knee-ankle-foot orthotic |
| Same as HKAFO with an added lumbosacral orthosis. | THKAFO – trunk-hip-knee-ankle-foot orthotic |
| Constitutes 60% of the gait cycle and is the interval in which the foot is in contact with the ground. | Stance phase |
| Constitutes 40% of the gait cycle and occurs when the limb is not in contact with the ground. | Swing phase |
| When both limbs are in contact with the ground. | Double support phase |
| Number of steps taken in a given period of time. | Step cadence |
| Distance covered during gait cycle. | Stride length |
| Effects of COG with normal gait: | Undergoes a natural rise and fall of about 2 inches when walking. Undergoes a natural lateral shift of 1 ¾ inches when walking. |
| Effects of pelvis with normal gait: | Must rotate about 4 degrees bilaterally with normal gait with help of IR/ER of hip. Must tilt with help of abd/add of hip. |
| Effects of hip with normal gait: | Has high output of energy. Hip flexes with gait. |
| Effects of knee with normal gait: | Must flex to absorb energy of the gait and allow swing through. Has high input over energy, but low output. |
| Effects of ankle with normal gait: | Must adjust to DF for heel strike and PF for toe off. Has a high output of energy. |
| Leg length discrepancy, heel cord contracture, heel pain. | Lack of heel strike/toes first |
| Weakness in quads, flexion contracture, muscle guarding with knee pain, leg length discrepancy | Excessive knee flexion |
| Knee hyperextension due to lack of joint stability; locked into hyperextension by ligamental and bony support | Genu recurvatum |
| Used with foot drop to try to avoid toe drag. | Excessive hip flexion (steppage) |