SCIENCE FINAL - Details

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The basic building block of matter.

Element

The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element.

Atom

A negatively charged particle that moving around the nucleus of an atom.

Electron

A positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

Proton

A particle with no electrical charge in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

Matter

Amount of matter in an object.

Mass

Amount of space matter takes up.

Volume

Matter exist in one of three states: solid, liquid or gas.

States

Matter that has a definite shape and usually takes up a definite amount of space.

Solid

One of the states of matter which does not have a definite shape but takes up a definite amount of space.

Liquid

One of the states of matter which takes the shape of its container and expands to whatever space is available.

Gas

The property of matter that compares the mass of an object to its volume.

Density

A combination of two or more substances that keep their individual properties.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances where one is dissolved by the other.

Solution

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Solute

The substance that dissolves another substance in a solution.

Solvent

A change in the size, shape, or state of matter.

Physical Change

A change that results in a new substance.

Chemical Change

Observable quality of a substance

Property

It is not determined by changing the identity of the substance. Can be observed, described, and measured with tools such as rulers, microscopes, thermometers, scales, and balances.

Physical Property

Mass, Volume, Lenght and shape

Extensive physical properties

Depends on the amount of substance

Extensive physical property definition

Does not depend on the amount of substance.

Intensive physical property definition

Color, Melting point, Boiling point and density.

Intensive physical properties

It is determined by changing the identity of a substance. Speaks of the reactivity of a substance.

Chemical Property

Reactivity with air, water, acid, base and with other chemicals

Chemical Properties

Change in temperature, change in color, odor emission, formation of a precipitate, formation of bubbles.

Evidence of chemical change

To be absorbed by a liquid, especially when mixed

Dissolve

A mixture of materials in which solid has dissolved in a liquid.

Solution

The maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved by another substance.

Solubility

A mixture of materials in which a solid is mixed with a liquid, but has not dissolved.

Suspension

Is asubstancethat does not dissolve in a solvent.

Insoluble

Two or more substances that are mixed together but can be separated out because they are not chemically combined.

Mixture

A material with very small holes which liquid can pass, but which are small enough to catch the particles of a solid in suspension (such as filter paper)

Filter

The process of separating a suspension into a solid and liquid by passing it through a filter.

Filtration

Is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.

Solvent

A solution in which no more solid will dissolved.

Saturated

Having a large amount of solute in a solution in comparison with the amount of solvent.

Concentrated

Having a little solute in a solution in comparison with the amount of solvent.

Dilute

Mixtures that have parts that you can plainly see.

Heterogeneous mixture

Mixtures that have parts that are so small they cannot be seen, even with a microscope.

Homogeneus mixture

Is the process of an object changing position over time.

Motion

Change in position of one object compared to the position of some fixed object.

Relative motion

Objects that do not seem to move define your frame of reference.

Frame of reference

The rate at which an object ́s position changes.

Speed

The speed and the direction an object is moving.

Velocity

Any push or pull.

Force

Force that acts when two surfaces rub together.

Friction

Using force in order to move an object a certain distance.

Work

Energy of motion.

Kinetic Energy

The amount of energy available to do work because of the way a system is arranged.

Potential Energy

Is a force that is applied directly to an object by a person, and animal or a thing.

Applied force

Is a force with which the Sun, Earth, Moon, and other huge objects pulls objects towards themselves.

Gravity

Is the force with which a magnet pulls certain materials towards itself.

Magnetic force

Is the rate at which the velocity of an object changes over time.

Acceleration

Is the resistance an object has to any change in its motion.

Inertia

Is a force that slows or stops motion. Depends on qualities of the objects that are pushing or pulling against one another.

Friction

Is a long bar that helps you lift heavy object.

Lever

The support on which a lever plus its load rests.

Fulcrum

The weight that is to be lifted or moved.

Load

The force used on a simple machine.

Effort

A simple machine made of a wheel and a rod joined to the center of the wheel.

Wheel and axle

A simple machine made of a wheel with a rope around it.

Pulley

A simple machine like a ramp.

Inclined plane

A simple machine that is made of two incline planes put together and that can be driven into another material.

Wedge

A simple machine made of a stick with ridges wrapped around it.

Screw

Is the ability to do work or cause a change.

Energy

Energy of motion.

Kinetic Energy

The amount of energy available to do work because of the way a system is arranged

Potential Energy

Is energy of electrons that forms bonds between atoms in molecules.

Chemical Energy

Is energy in the nucleus (core) of an atom.

Nuclear Energy

(also called heat energy) is produced when a rise in temperature causes atoms and molecules to move faster and collide with each other.

Thermal Energy

Is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Consists of photons, which are produced when an object's atoms heat up.

Light Energy

Is one of the less forms of energy. It is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves.

Sound Energy:

The imbalance of positive or negative charges between objects.

Static electricity

The flow of an electric charge through a material.

Electric Current

A quality of an object which means that electric current cannot flow easily through it.

Resistance

A simple circular path in which an electric current flows only one way through each part of that circuit.

Series Circuit

Two or more paths on which an electric charge can flow

Parallel Circuit

A material through which electrical charge flows easily.

Conductor

A material or device that resist the flow of electric charge.

Resistor

A poor conductor; material through which heat or electric charge does not flow.

Insulator

A map of a circuit with symbols for each part.

Circuit diagram

A unit measuring the energy available to push an electric charge through a circuit.

Volt

The property of attraction of an object that has a magnetic field.

Magnetism

The invisible force that loops between the poles of a magnet due to the arrangement of forces.

Magnetic Field

A coil of wire that causes a magnetic field when current moves through the wire.

Electromagnet

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