The cold war
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What was the problem with the war at Postdam? | Turman refused to let the USSR in role of the post-war occupation in Japan. Turman didn't share the atomic secret with USSR. this was the start of the nuclear arms race. |
| What was the problem with the war at Postdam? | Turman refused to let the USSR in role of the post-war occupation in Japan. Turman didn't share the atomic secret with USSR. this was the start of the nuclear arms race. |
| What were the differences between USA and USSR? | Different beliefs and ideology USSR one party state and communist USA democratic state |
| What was the problem with realtions after the war? | Didn't have the same goal, no Hitler to defeat so they didn't have much in common any more |
| What was Land-lease? | USA sent 11 billion dollars of materials to Germany in order to help them in the war, they were only supposed to be loans, but USSR didn't agree on how much they had to pay back. |
| What was the problem with the red rasing army in the east with Britain? | Stalin wanted USA and Britian to go relieve them but they didn't and kept postpoining and instead went to south africa and itlay |
| When was the Yalta conference? | Feb 1945 |
| What was the Yalta conference for? | Discusions baout what they would do with Germany after the war was over. |
| What did they agree to do with Germany after the war? | Pay reperations, 50% going to the USSR The land to be split up temporarly, and rules by Britain, France and soviet occupations |
| What were the 5 steps to agree on with Germany ? | Demilitarization, de-nazification, democratiscation, de-industrilistation and decentralisation |
| What were the problems with Yalta German agreement? | Stalin wanted more money for reps |
| What did teh Yalta conference decide with Poland? | New soviet-poland bourders give poland germany terrioty in the west for compensation for terrioty in the easy surrenderd to teh USSR |
| What was the problem with Yalta Poland agreement? | Stalin wanted 'Lublin Poles' to be the goverment bc communism but Churchill wanted 'London poles ' bc non-communist |
| What did the Yalta conferece decide with Eastern Eurpoe? | That there weer to be early elections that were controled by the Soviet Red army |
| What had changed in July 1945 | Roosevlet died, and churcill was replaced by Clement Attlee. Truman wasn't as nice to Stalin and it was harder for them to get on bc they didn't know each other as well |
| Why was Truman harsh to Stalin? | He was left-wing which meant that he had to be harsh or pepople would have saw him as being a communist |
| When was the Postdam conference? | July-August 1945 |
| What was agreed for Germany at Postdam? | Devision was confirmed and reps. 5 steps confimed. |
| What was teh problem with German Postdam agreement? | Soviet only got little reps and Stalin wanted a weaker Germany and he was concered about the capitalist zones in the east |
| What was agreed for Poland at Postdam? | The 2 pole parties would unite |
| What wasa agreed for Eastern Europe at Postdam? | Ussr would take control of Romania, Czechosolokia and Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and make them part of the USSR |
| What was teh problem with EE at Postdam? | USA concered about the growth of the soviet control |
| What was agreed about the war at Postdam? | Turman told the USSR that the USA had a new weapon and atomic bomb |
| What was the problem with the war at Postdam? | Turman refused to let the USSR in role of the post-war occupation in Japan. Turman didn't share the atomic secret with USSR. this was the start of the nuclear arms race. |
| What happened in most of the countries in Eastern Europe with the red army? | They stayed there after the elections when they weren't meant to and this meant that they had soviet control |
| Attitudes of Czechslovakia to Britain and France? | Upset over the Munich conferemnce |
| What happened in Czechoslovakia with the elections? | Communist party won 31% of the votes Got control of key departmentas and allowed to arrest political opponents. Drove remaining germans out fo the popoluations. |
| Who was Jan Masaryk and what happened to him? | Popular non-communist politician Got mudered |
| What happened with the elections in Hungary ? | Communist only won 17% of votes in Nov 1945 Secret police killed all non-communists 1947 - rigged elections gave communist control and merged with the SDP and got power |
| What happened with elections in Poland? | Rigged elections, communists won 80% of votes but it was actually only 50% Oppositions were mudered and arresested Held important postitions of security, economy and education |
| What happened with elections in Romania? | Coalition goverment ormed in 1945 Riggeed elections in 1946, allowing the communists to win but they elimiated all opponents and the king was forced to abdicate. |
| What happened with teh elections in Bulgaria? | Coalition goveremnt Governemnt purged anti-comunist rivals, monarchy was abolished in 46 new constituiton that was only communists |
| What happend in Yugoslavia? | Not part of the soviet empire Leader Tito was communist so Stalin didn't invade and allowed the country to be independent communist state |
| What happened with Iran? | Soviet troops left beucase of teh United nations security concil that put pressure on them from the USA |
| What happened in Turkey ? | Stalin wanted a naval base there. Sent a ship to put pressure on government but saw that Britain and USA were supporting and reconsidered. |
| Who did Truman appoint to be the US ambassador to the Soviet union.? | Averell Harriman, he didn't trust the soviet leadership and caused the Lend-Lease to end in may 1945. |
| What did Stalin know about the US bomb? | HE already knew becuase there were russian spies inside the manhattan project pasing information. The bomb threat did not make him more flexible over Eastern Europe. |
| Why do some people think that Truman dropped the atomic bomb on Japan? | August 1945, Wanted to show the power the USA had possessed to Stalin. |
| What was happening in Greece and Turkey in 1947? | They were under threat to turn communist and Britain could no longer intervene with the problem |
| What was teh Turman doctrine? | US would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic states under threat |
| When did they use the Turman Doctrine? | In Turkey and GReece, sent 400 million dollars as aid to the communist threat |
| When was the truman doctrine established? | 12th March 1947 |
| What was the Marshall plan? | It was a european recovary progame that allowed the USA to send out money to help countries to prevent the growth of communism in countires. |
| What was cominform? | A response to the Marshall plan, it was propaganda to encouge communist solidarity in eastern countries and it allowed the communist countries to coordinate their activites. |
| Why was cominform made? | It was made becuase the marshall plan was seen as a threat to communism |
| What was the Berlin blockade ? | The soviet union stopped any Western allie railways and roads and canals accessing the east. seperating the east from the west |
| How had the Marshall aid help Germany? | Allowed all 4 parts of Germany to be supported, even introduced a new currency but the soviets didn't allow it to enter the eastern zone |
| What did Stalin do to the west of berlin and why? | Cut off all water and road and rail and gas in hopes that it would force the western powers out so he could have west berlin as well. |
| What was the Berlin airlift? | This is when western powers refused to give up and carried over the berlin blocke food and supplies so everyone could survive |
| What did the Berlin airlift do with children that were sick? | Flew them out of Berlin so that they could recieve medical help in the west |
| What was the frequency of plane landings in 1949 | Plane landed every 90 seconds |
| What did Stalin do about the Berlin airflift? | He couldn't shoot them down becuase it would be an attempt of war, so he lifted the blockade in may 12 1949 |
| What did teh Berlin blockade show about alliance? | That the alliance between the east and west were now broken and that the iron curtain was definetly in place now. |
| When was the Berlin blockade? | 24th June 1948 |
| What was NATO? | Mutual pact that aimed to defend the possible soviet agression against the west. |
| How many countries became members? | 11 including, canda, iltay, iceland, norway |
| When was nato agreeed and why? | April 1949 due to the genuine fear that the USSR would take over the west with their communist ideas. |
| What does NATO stand for? | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
| What happened after Nato with Germany ? | Didn't wait for Stalin to agree on the furutre and joined all the western areas of Germany together again, which was now west germany. |
| When did West Germany join NATO? | May 1955, not biological or chemical or atomic weapons |
| What happened in August 1949 with Stalin? | Tested their first atomic bomb, arms race had begun. |
| How did the USSR respond to the NATO ? | Tightened survalience over the satellite states |
| What was COMECON? | Economic assestance for the eastern european economies in the soviet bloc |
| What was the warsaw pact? | The 8 communist countries to unify their armed forces for collective security behind NATO. |
| What did the warsaw pact do? | Tightened futher soviet union control over Eastern Europe. |
| When was the Warsaw Pact made? | May 1955 |
| Yalta agreements with Stalin, what didn't he do? | He didn't stick to the agreements, he didn't make the red army leave the countries after the elctions, he installed communist governments |
| How is COMECON evidence that Stalin is to blame? | It proved that he wanted to undermine the capitalist countries through national communist parties |
| How has Stalin's personality got to do with the blame? | He was obsessed with his country's security and he was very paranoid. He didn't listen to his advisors much and he saw to the devision between europe and the iron curtain |
| How can Stalin's role be defended by the wests attituide? | People aruge that the west did not appreciate the soviet union's secutiy concerns and Stalin thought that appesment was a plan to allow Germany to expand to the east not west. |
| How can Stalin's role be defended by war time secrecy? | He was write about the wartime secrecy, the USA had not shared thier atomic bomb plan with then and the USA had also refused to relieve the pressure on the Red army fighting with the German's in the east |
| How can Stalin's role be defened by rossevelt's death? | Harry Truman made the discussions much harder, he ended the land-lease |
| Evidence that the USA could be blamed for the start of the cold war? | Truman didn't give a warning to Stalin that there was going to be the end of the land-lease, he just turned the ships around |
| Evidence that the USA could be blamed for the start of the cold war? | It was to ensure that the capitalist countires could thrive, so that the eurpoeans could buy american goods |
| Evidence that the USA could be blamed for the start of the cold war? | The creation of Boznia and Trizonia went agaisnt the Potsdam agreement and itwas an attempt to introduce capitalism across the whole of Germany. may 29th 1947 |
| Arugment that the USA is to blame ? | The econnomy in the USA had recovered and doubled in size, Truman was worried that once peace arrived there would be an economic slump, so he needed the USA to have a European market for the goods that it was producing |
| Arugment 2 that the USA is to blame? | Truman did not trust the soviet's words of pormis, he thought that using the atomic bomb would allow the soviet union to listen to him. This was also with the truman doctorine and the marshall plan |
| How could the role of the USA be defended? | Stalin was dismissive about the 'london poles' which broke the wartime agreements Truman thought that the truman doctrine was a defensive not offence |
| Differnce between Stalin and Truman actions | NATO, truman allowed anyone in western europe to join freely and welcomed them Warsaw pact, Stalinn forced all the countries behind the iron curtian to join the warsaw pact in 1955 |
| Who was the new leader of czechoslovakia in the 1968? | Alexander Dubcek |
| What did Dubeck allow in czechoslovakia? | More freedom of speech, less secret police activity |
| What did Dubeck believe about communism? | Though he was a communist, he thought that it didn't need to be as restrictive in czechoslovakia |
| What was the prauge spring? | Censorship eased in czechoslovakia, opponents could critise the communist rule and ask questions about past events |
| What did Dubeck learn from the Hungary uprising ? | He assured Brezchev that he wansn't going to withdraw from the Warsaw act |
| By the summer of the Prague spring what was happening? | Talk of more than one party, the social democratic party |
| What did other communist leaders think of this? | Worried that it was going to spread to their countries |
| What tatic did USSR try to stop the new ideas? | Soviet, polish and eastern german soldiers were publicially traning on the bourder, as pressure |
| What tatcitc did the USSR try to stop the new ideas? | Thought to impose sanctions but didn't because didn't want them to appeal to the league for help |
| What tatcitc did the USSR try to stop the new ideas? | July, USSR had talks and they agreed not allow a new party, tensions seemed to lessen |
| What happened on the 20th of August 1968? | Tanks moved into Czechoslovakia Littlle violence resistnace Dubeck removed from power |
| What happened to Dubeck? | Not excecuted But removed from communist party and demoted Removed from pictures like he didn't exist |
| What led to this surpression? | Pressure from other E European, especially Ulbrich in Eastern Germany as well as Brezhev |
| What was the Brezhnev doctirine made after this problem? | Communist country essentials include: One system party To remain part of the warsaw pact |
| Who did Rakosi loose power to? | Imre Nagy, communist but not a Stalinist. (this was after Stalin's death) |
| What happened in 1955 with power struggle? | Rakosi remained general secretary and in the end Rakosi managed to remove Nagy from power and become PM |