Structural Organisms In Animals (Animal Tissues)
Introduction, Cell Junctions, Epithelium Tissue, Connective Tissue, Nervous Tissue, Muscular Tissue
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Structural Organisms In Animals (Animal Tissues) - Leaderboard
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Which Organisms evolved first? | Unicellular Organisms |
| Give some examples of Unicellular Organisms. | Amoeba & Paramoecium |
| What occurred in multicellular organisms as they evolved? | Division of Labor |
| Define Tissue | A group of similar cells with intercellular substance performing a specific function is called Tissue. |
| What does intercellular mean? | Between cells |
| What does Intracellular mean? | Within the cell |
| What is the study of tissues called? | Histology |
| Give some examples of Coelenterate. | Hydra & Jelly Fish & Sea Anemone |
| In which group of Organisms did Tissues evolve first in? | Coelenterates. |
| On what basis can tissues be classified into its types? | Structure, Function & Location |
| What are the types of tissues? | 1. Epithelial Tissue 2. Connective Tissue 3. Neural/Nervous Tissue 4. Muscular Tissue |
| What does Epithelial tissue face/form? | 1. It forms outer covering or internal lining of the body organ. 2. Facing external Environment or body fluid. |
| What do cells of Epithelial Tissue lie upon? | Basement Membrane |
| Name the defining characteristics of Basement Membrane. | Non-living & Non-cellular |
| Describe the position of Basement Membrane with respect to other tissues. | Epithelium tissue - Basement Membrane - Connective Tissue |
| Name the two parts of Basement Membrane. | 1. Basal Lamina 2. Reticular Lamina |
| What is the basal lamina made up of? | Mucopolysaccharides & Glycoproteins |
| What is the Reticular Lamina made up of? | Protein Fibers (Collagen or reticular) |
| Connective Tissue repairs which part of the Basement Membrane if injured. | Lower Reticular Lamina. |
| What are the functions of the Basement Membrane? | Provides support, elasticity, flexibility |
| Comment on the repair function of Epithelial Tissue | High regeneration Capacity. |
| Name the places of specializations of Epithelial Tissue. | Cell membrane & Apical surface. |
| Name the 3 types of specializations on Epithelial Tissue | 1. Microvilli 2. Cilia/Kinocilia 3. Stereocilia |
| Function of Microvilli | Increases surface area for absorption. |
| Structure of Microvilli | Microscopic finger like projections |
| Location of Microvilli | Intestine |
| Function of Kinocilia | Motility |
| Structure of Kinocilia | Hair/bristle like |
| Location of Kinocilia | Fallopian Tube & Respiratory Tract |
| Function of Stereocilia | Serve as a sensory function |
| Structure of stereocilia | Hair/bristle like projections |
| Location of Stereocilia | Vas deferens, Nose, Cochlea (ear), Epididymis |
| Amount of intercellular fluid in Epithelial Tissue | Tightly packed cells |
| Name the characteristic of Epithelial Tissue | Cell Junction |
| Function of Cell Junctions | Structural & Functional link between cells in a tissue. |
| Name the types of cell Junctions | 1. Tight Junction 2. Gap Junction 3. Adhering Junctions 4. Hemidesmosomes |
| What is the other name of Tight Junctions? | Zonula Occludens |
| Which protein holds on to the tight Junction? | Occludin or Claudin Protein |
| Function of Tight Junctions | Prevent leakage of substances in between two cells. |
| Location of Tight Junction | Stomach |
| What is the other name of Gap Junction? | Communicating Junction |
| Which protein holds on to the Gap Junction? | Connexin Protein |
| Function of Gap Junction | Allows communication between two cells of a tissue by allowing passage of substances. |
| Gap Junction allows the passage of what substances? | Ions, Large Molecules, Small Substances |
| What are the 2 types of Adhering Junctions? | 1. Macula Adherens 2. Zonula Adherens |
| What is Macula Adherens also known as? | Desmosomes |
| Function of Macula Adherens | Perform cementing of neighboring cells |
| What is Keratin? | A hard, insoluble substance, non-contractible. |
| What is the intercellular protein made up of in Macula Adherens? | Cadherein Protein |
| What is Plaque? | A thick protein layer. |
| What is the other name of Tonofibrils? | Keratin Protein Filaments |
| Which fibers are present in Macula Adherens? | Protein Fibres |
| What fibers are present in Zonula Adherens? | Actin Fibers |
| What are Actin Fibers made up of? | Actin Protein |
| Comment on the presence of protein plaque in Zonula Adherens. | Thin Protein layer |
| What is the intercellular protein made up of in Zonula Adherens? | Cadherein Proteins |
| Function of Zonula Adherens | Perform cementing of neighboring cells |
| Functions of Actin | Responsible for contraction |
| Location of Actin | Muscle cells |
| What does hemidesmosomes mean? | Half of desmosomes |
| Function of hemidesmosomes. | Connects the cells of epithelial tissue to basement membrane |
| Which protein fibers are present on the plaque? | Keratin Protein Fibers |
| What are the 2 types of Epithelial tissue? | 1. Simple Epithelium 2. Compound Epithelium |
| What are the types of simple epithelial tissue? | 1. Squamous Simple Epithelial tissue 2. Cuboidal Simple Epithelial Tissue 3. Columnar Simple Epithelial Tissue 4. Ciliated Simple Epithelial Tissue 5. Pseudostratified Simple Epithelial Tissue 6. Glandular Simple Epithelial Tissue |
| What are the types of Compound Epithelial Tissue? | 1. Stratified compound epithelium 2. Transitional compound Epithelium |
| What does Simple Epithelium mean? | Single layer of cells resting on a basement membrane |
| What is the other name for Squamous Epithelium? | 1. Tessellated Epithelium 2. Pavement Epithelium |
| What does Squamous Epithelium mean? | Flat Epithelium |
| What does tessellated epithelium mean? | Polygonal celled Epithelium |
| What does pavement membrane mean? | Tile shaped cells in Epithelium |
| Describe the structure of nucleus in Simple Squamous Epithelium? | Flat, Central Nucleus. |
| Comment on the thickness of the cells of Simple Squamous Epithelium | Cells are very thin in diameter |
| List the locations of Simple Squamous Epithelium | 1. Alveoli of lungs 2. Forms lining of blood & lymph vessels 3. Bowman's Capsule & Henle's loop 4.Coelom present in body lining |
| Function of Simple Squamous Epithelium | 1. Exchange of gases in lungs 2. Filtration in nephron |
| What is Coelom? | It is the body cavity in between body wall & Visceral organs. |
| Describe the structure of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium. | Cube like cells with round, central nucleus. |
| Which tissue is responsible for secretion of hormones in thyroid glands? | Simple cuboidal epithelium |
| Which tissue is forms the germinal epithelium and hence gives rise to gamete formation? | Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
| Which tissue is present in small ducts of certain glands and are responsible for excretion of certain secretions? | Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
| If microvilli is present on Simple Cuboidal epithelium, what is it called? | Brush Bordered Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
| Where is Brush Bordered Simple Cuboidal Epithelium present? | Convoluted Tubule (PCT) in nephron |
| What is the function of Brush Bordered Simple Cuboidal Epithelium? | It's function is to increase Surface Area for absorption in the nephron |
| Describe the structure of Simple Columnar Epithelium. | Tall column like cells with basal, oval nucleus |
| What is the function of Simple Columnar Epithelium? | Absorption & Mucous secretion |
| What is Mucosa/Mucosal Membrane? | Mucous producing cells, columnar epithelium + Underlying connective tissue. |
| If there is presence of microvilli on Simple Columnar Epithelium it is called? | Brush Bordered Simple Columnar Epithelium |
| Where is Brush Bordered Simple Columnar Epithelium found? | Intestine & Stomach |
| What is the characteristic of Simple Ciliated Epithelium ? | Presence of Cilia |
| What are the 2 types of Ciliated Epithelium? | 1. Simple Ciliated Cuboidal Epithelium 2. Simple Ciliated Columnar Epithelium |