Theoretical Optics Block 2
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| The first mirrors used by humans | Pools of water |
| Earliest known manufactured mirrors | Polished stoned pieces |
| The mirrors that the Chinese began making | Silver-mercury amalgams |
| Conducted various experiments with curved polish iron mirrors | Claudius Ptolemy |
| The point in the center of the mirror passes through the curve of the mirror and has the same tangent and curvature at that point. | Center of curvature |
| It's the linear distance between the pole and the center of curvature | Radius of curvature |
| The imaginary line passes through the optical center and the center of curvature of any lens or a spherical mirror | Principal axis |
| Gives the size of the mirror | Aperture |
| Also called the focal point | Principal focus |
| Types of spherical mirrors | Concave mirror and convex mirror |
| The reflective surface is curved inwards | Concave mirror |
| The reflective surface is curved outwards | Convex mirror |
| Depending on the focal length, the reflective image is reduced but the field of view is more | Convex mirror |
| Point lies in the midway between the vertex and the center of curvature | F or the focal point |
| The distance between the vertex and the focal point of the mirror | F or the focal length |
| A line passing the center of this sphere which touches the reflecting surface at its center | Principal axis |
| Rearview mirror | Convex mirror |
| Security mirrors in atm | Convex mirror |
| Satellite dishes | Concave mirror |
| Headlights in car | Concave mirror |
| Shaving mirror | Concave mirror |
| Types of mirrors | Plane mirrors and curved mirrors |
| Finite radius, finite curvature, normals are not parallel, and magnification is variable | Curved mirrors |
| Types of curved mirrors | Aspherical mirror and spherical mirror |
| Surface is not surface of a sphere | Aspherical mirror |
| Normals do not pass thru a single point or the center of curvature | Aspherical mirror |
| Types of aspherical mirror | Paraboloidal, ellopsoidal, and cylindrical |
| Surface is a portion of a sphere | Spherical mirror |
| All normals pass thru a single point or the center of curvature | Spherical mirror |
| Types of spherical mirror | Concave mirror and convex mirror |
| Converges light from infinity after reflection | Concave mirror |
| Where is the center of curvature and the focal point of the concave located? | Infront of the mirror |
| Diverges light rays from infinity after reflection | Convex mirror |
| Gives the size of the mirror | Aperture |
| The point in the center of the mirror | Center of curvature |
| A point lies in the midway between the vertex and the center of curvature | Principal focus / focal point |
| The imaginary lines passes through the optical center and the center of curvature of any lens or spherical mirror | Principal axis |
| Distance between the vertex and the focal point | Focal length |
| Near the vertex | Paraxial region |
| Away from the vertex | Peripheral region |
| The inability of both the paraxial and peripheral rays to come to a single focus | Spherical abberation |
| Spherical aberation is characterized by | Caustic curve |
| An inherent defect of any spherical surfaces | Spherical abberation |
| Parallel incident light from outer edge of spherical mirror fails to focus at a point | Image defect in concave mirrors |
| Where is the location of the object when the image is formed between center of curvature and principal focus in concave mirror? | Object is located between infinity and center of curvature |
| When the object is licated between infinity and C, what is the properties of the image in concave mirror? | Real, inverted, diminished |
| Where is the location of the image formed when the object is at infinity in concave mirror? | Image is formed at principal focus |
| Properties of image when the object is at infinity in concave mirror? | Real, inverted, highly diminished |
| Properties of image when the object is at the center of curvature in concave mirror? | Real, inverted, same size |
| Where is the location of the image formed when the object is at the center of curvature in concave mirror? | Image is formed at the center of curvature |
| Where is the location of the image formed when the object is at the principal focus in concave mirror? | Image is formed at infinity |
| Where is the location of the image formed when the object is between principal focus and pole in concave mirror? | Image is formed behind the mirror |
| Properties of image when the object is between C and f in concave mirror? | Real, inverted, enlarged |
| Properties of image when the object is between f and pole in concave mirror? | Virtual, erect and enlarged |
| In convex mirror, where is the image located when the object is between infinity and principal focus? | Between pole and principal focus |
| Properties of the image formed at principal focus in convex | Virtual, erect, highly diminished |
| Properties of the image formed when the object is between infinity and principal focus in convex | Virtual, erect, diminished |
| Absolute refractive index of air | 1.000277 |
| The bending of light when it travels from one medium to another | Refraction of light |
| The medium where the light is incident | Incident medium |
| The medium where refraction occurs | Refractive medium |