White Blood Cell Disorders
Review on high yield concepts in White Blood Cell Pathology. Designed for flashcard mode.
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White Blood Cell Disorders - Details
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Normal WBC count | 5-10 K/uL |
| Also known as kissing disease | Infectious Mononucleosis |
| T-cell hyperplasia in kissing disease occurs in what part of the spleen? | Periarterial lymphatic sheath |
| Test used for screening of kissing disease | Monospot test |
| What cell is in the picture? | Atypical lymphocyte |
| Usually presents n teenagers as mediastinal (thymic) mass | Acute lymphoblastic lymphoma |
| Neoplastic accumulation of myeloblasts (>20%) in the bone marrow | Acute myeloid leukemia |
| Myeloblasts are usually characterized by positive cytoplasmic staining for what? | Myeloperoxidase (MPO) |
| Subtype of AML which involves translocation of the retinoic acid receptor | Acute promyelocytic leukemia |
| Treatment for APL | All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) |
| Subtype of AML wherein monoblasts prolferates and usually lacks MPO | Acute monocytic leukemia |
| Subtype of AML wherein megakaryoblasts proliferates and usually lacks MPO | Acute megakaryoblastic anemia |
| Most common leukemia overall | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) |
| Neoplastic proliferation of mature B-cells characterized by hairy cytoplasmic processes | Hairy Cell Leukemia |
| Associated with HTLV-1 | Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) |
| Radiologic finding in ATLL | Lytic (punched-out) bone lesions |
| Neoplastic proliferation of mature CD4 T-cells in the epidermis | Mycosis fungoides |
| Aggregates of neoplastic cells in the epidermis | Pautrier microabscesses |
| Neoplastic proliferation of mature cells of the myeloid lineage | Myeloproliferative disoders |
| Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells especially granulocytes and their precursors | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) |
| Basophils are characteristically increased in this disease | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) |
| Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells especially RBCs | Polycythemia Vera (PV) |
| First line treatment in PV | Phlebotomy |
| Second-line treatment in PV | Hydroxyurea |
| Two major types of Lymphoma | Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) |
| Malignant cells of HL | Reed-Sternberg cells |
| Malignant cells of NHL | Lymphoid cells |
| Age group of NHL | Late adulthood |
| Age group of HL | Young adults |
| Spread of NHL | Diffuse; often extranodal |
| Spread of HL | Contiguous; rarely extranodal |
| Neoplastic proliferation of small B cells (CD20) that expands the mantle zone | Mantle cell lymphoma |
| Neoplastic proliferaton of small B cells (CD20) that expands the marginal zone | Marignal zone lymphoma |
| Region immidately adjacent to lymph node mantle zone | Marginal zone |
| Characteristiic finding of Burkitt lymphoma under microscopy | Starry-sky apperance |
| Most common form of NHL | Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma |
| Neoplastic proliferatoin of large B cells (CD 20) that grow diffusely in sheets | Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma |
| Large B cells with multilobed nuclei and prominent nucleoli | Reed-Sternberg cells |
| Most common type of HL | Nodular sclerosis |
| Most common demographics of nodular sclerosis | Young adult female |
| Subtype of HL that has the best prognosis | Lymphocyte-rich |
| This HL subtype is characterized by abundant eosinophiils | Mixed cellularity |
| Most aggressvie subtype of HL usually seen in the elderly and HIV positivie individuals | Lymphocyte-depleted |
| Malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow | Multiple myeloma |
| Most common primary malignancy of the bone | Multiple myeloma |
| Free light chain excreted in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma | Bence Jones protein |
| Lymphocytic leukocytosis resulting form EBV infection is comprised of what cells? | Reactive CD8+ T cells |
| Definitive test for kissing disease | Serologic testing to the EBV viral capsid antigen |
| Patients with infectious mononucleosis are generally advised contact sports for 1 year because it increases the risk for what? | Spleenic Rupture |
| ALL is associated with what age group? | Children with Down syndrome AFTER the age of 5 |
| Acute megakaryoblastic anemia is associated with what age group? | Children with Down syndrome BEFORE the age of 5 |
| Chromosomes involved in the APL | T(15;17) |
| Chromosomes involved in CML | T (9;22) or Philadelphia Chromosome |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia is associated with what age group? | Older adults 50-60 years old |
| Common age group which by MPD appears | Late adulthood 50-60 years |
| Complication of MPD due to high turnover of cells | Hyperuricemia and gout |
| BCR-ABL fusion has what kind of activity? | Tyrosine kinase activity |
| This stain in positive in leukemoid reaction but not in CML | Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) stain |
| Mutation in PV | JAK2 kinase |
| Distinguishes PV from reactive polycythemia | Decreased erythropoietin levels |
| Histologic lymph node changes seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and early stages of HIV infection | Follicular hyperplasia (B-cell region) |
| Histologic lymph node changes seen in patients with viral infection | Paracortex hyperplasia (T-cell region) |
| Seen in lymph nodes that are draining a tissue with cancer | Sinus histiocytes hyperplasia |
| Vitamin A derivative whiihc binds the altered RAR and causes the blasts to mature | All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) |