Why do events in the Gulf matter? Unit 7 HISTORY
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Why do events in the Gulf matter? Unit 7 HISTORY - Leaderboard
Why do events in the Gulf matter? Unit 7 HISTORY - Details
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| Iraq lies in the ancient land of | Mesopotamia |
| Carrot and stick means... | Using a combination of terror and rewards when ruling |
| A referendum was held on Saddam's presidency where | 99% of Iraqis voted in support |
| Roughly 180,000 Kurds were... | Killed using chemical gas attacks |
| Roughly 100,000 Kurds... | Fled northern Iraq to Turkey in 1988 |
| Saddam became increasingly suspicious of Shi'ite Islam as a result of... | The Iranian revolution |
| In 1980—81, 200,000 Shiites were deported... | To Iran as their ‘loyalty was not proven’. |
| What does APOC stand for? | Anglo-Persian Oil Company |
| In 1971 the Shah held a huge celebration (2500 years of Monarchy), which was estimated to have cost... | $330 million |
| Many Iranians saw the Shah as... | A pawn in the hands of the USA |
| The leading critic of the Shar was... | Ayatollah Khomeini |
| The word Ayatollah means... | High ranking Islamic scholar |
| There were many groups competing for power in Iran in 1979, these included... | The religious right, the liberal left and communists |
| The political party loyal to Khomeini was called... | Islamic Republican Party |
| One of the main aims of the Islamic Republican Party was to... | Rid Iran of any non-Islamic influences |
| Khomeini was keen to... | Spread the Islamic revolution to other Muslim countries |
| The USA was... | An staunch ally of the Shah |
| Millions in the Muslim world, both Arab and non-Arab, admired... | Khomeini for standing up to the West |
| Prime Minister Bakhtiar invited Ayatollah Khomeini to return to Iran, | Which he did on 1 February 1979. |
| In the November 1979 seizure of 66 Americans at the US embassy in Tehran... | By a group of Iranian demonstrators demanding the extradition of the Shah |
| Khomeini accused the Iraq government of being... | ‘atheist and ‘corrupt and, in one of his broadcasts to the people of Iraq |
| Iran and Iraq went to war in... | September 1980 |
| Both Iran and Iraq wanted control over... | The Shatt al-Arab waterway |
| 1975, the Algiers Agreement reduced Iraqi control over the waterway in exchange for... | Iran’s withdrawing support for a Kurdish insurgency in northern Iraq. |
| Saddam saw war with Iran as an opportunity to gain | Complete access to the Shall al-Arab waterway and Iranian oil fields |
| Ayatollah Khomeini, had called on Iraqis to... | Rise up and overthrow Saddam Hussein. |
| Iran wanted to export... | The Islamic revolution into Iraq |
| In April 1980 the deputy prime minister of Iraq, Tariq Aziz... | Survived an assassination attempt by Iraqi Shiʿis |
| Arab nations such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait... | Support Saddam Hussein against Iran |
| The new Islamic Republic of Iran was... | Internationally isolated |
| Saddam Hussein | Started the war against Iran. |
| It was believed in 1980 that Iraq | Would easily win in a war against Iran |
| Iran had superior... | Numbers (of troops) |
| Iraq had superior... | Weapons |
| The word Martyr means... | A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs. |
| As a result of the Iran Iraq war... | Both Khomeini and Saddam saw a surge in popularity at home |
| ‘War of the Cities’ | Describes how Iran and Iraq targeted each others civilian populations |
| It is estimated that... | 1.5 million people died as a result of the war. |
| Iraq was supported by... | Most of the Arab world, as well as the USA and USSR |
| Americans as well as most of the Arab states didnt want Khomeini... | To have control over Gulf oil production |
| From 1986 both Iran and Iraq started... | Targeting each others oil tankers |
| When Iranians started to attack Kuwaiti ships in retaliation for Kuwait’s support for Iraq, | The Soviet Union offered to help the Kuwaitis. |
| Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait on... | 2nd August 1990 |
| As a result of the Iran-Iraq war there was.. | Increasing discontent over Saddam's rule (from the military) |
| Saddam Hussein claimed that... | Kuwait was stealing Iraqi oil. |
| Westerners were used as | Human shields during the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. |
| By November Saddam had | 661 hostages |
| It was feared that Iraqi forces... | Might invade Saudi Arabia and seize oil fields. |
| In November 1990, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 678 which... | Gave Iraq until 15 January 1991 to withdraw from Kuwait. |
| 34 | Countries joined the coalition to rid Kuwait of Iraqi forces. |
| Huge build up of coalition forces in Saudi Arabia August 1990 | Operation Desert Shield |
| February 24th 1991: Operation Desert Sabre | Coalition forces ground troops enter into Kuwait. |
| February 28th 1991 | War ends with ceasefire declared |