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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
that which has mass and occupies spaced has mass	matter
cannot be broken down into another substance	element
2 or more elements held together in a fixed ratio	compounds
is the same number of protons in an element	atomic number
the sum weight of protons and neutrons	mass number
are different forms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.	isotopes
interaction between 2 or more elements that form molecules	chemical bonds
an atom does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.	ion
loses or donates an electron	cation
gains an electron	anion
ionic, covalent, hydrogen, van der Waals interactions.	4 types of bonds/interactions
positive and negative charges attract, these ions stay together	ionic bond
bond form when an electron is shared between two elements	covalent bond
the electrons shared by the atoms spend more time closer to one nucleus than to the other nucleus.	polar covalent bonds
water molecules are attracted to each other (because of hydrogen bonding), keeping the molecules together	cohesion
the attraction between water molecules and other molecules.	adhesion
weak bond formed by the polar attraction between a hydrogen atom to another atom	hydrogen bond
cells rearranging molecules by breaking chemical bonds to form new ones	chemical reactions
a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances	solution
dissolving agent	solvent
dissolved substance	solute
measures the amount of hydrogen ions in a substance	PH scale
are substances that provide hydrogen ions (H+) and lower pH.	acids
provide hydroxide ions (OH–) and raise pH.	Bases
absorb excess H+ or OH–, keeping the pH of the body carefully maintained in the aforementioned narrow range.	Buffers
The large molecules necessary for life that are built from smaller organic molecules	macromolecules
are macromolecules	carbohydrates
are SIMPLE sugars	Monosaccharides
form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction. When two sugar units join together.	disaccharides
A long chain of monosaccharides linked by covalent bonds many sugars joined together	polysaccharide
is the stored form of sugars in plants and is made up of amylose and amylopectin (both polymers of glucose).	starch
is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates, and is made up of monomers of glucose.	glycogen
provides structural support to the cell. Is made up of glucose monomers that are linked by bonds between particular carbon atoms in the glucose molecule.	cellulose
are hydrophobic (“water-fearing”), or insoluble in water, because they are nonpolar molecules.	Lipids (fat)
Tests for lipids	Sudan IV Test
is primary a carbohydrate we absorb for energy	Glucose
used to identify the presence of reducing sugars	Benedict's test
tests for presence of starches	Lugol's Test for polysaccharides
tests for peptide bonds	Biuret Test
are key macromolecules in the continuity of life. They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell.	nucleic acids
DNA never leaves the nucleus, so uses RNA to communicate with rest of cell. DNA is double helix RNA partakes in protein synthesis	DNA vs RNA
the loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals	denaturation
a catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein	Enzyme
describes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving	hydrophilic
describes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water-fearing	hydrophobic