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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
either (free) end of a eukaryotic chromosome	Telomere
To ensure that when DNA is replicated, the ends of the molecule are included in the replication and not let out	Purpose of telomeres
Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis	Cell cycle stages
Growth of cell, duplication of organelles, making proteins needed for S phase	G1
one of two identical strands into which a chromosome splits during mitosis	Chromatid
G1, S, G2	Interphase cycle stages
Cells may differentiate (specialise), die, stop dividing	G0
small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus; contains the centrioles and serves to organize the microtubules	Centrosome
one of a pair of small cylindrical cell organelles near the nucleus in animal cells; composed of nine triplet microtubules, 2 on opposite poles of the cell	Centriole
DNA synthesis, chromosomes replicated, centrosome duplicates	S
DNA replicated, 2 sets of DNA made, chromatids double	Interphase
Cell that haven't divided exit the cell cycle, occurs in G1 phase, can continue onto S phase or enter G0 phase	Exiting cell cycle
long fibres of protein which extend from the microtubules of the centrioles	spindle fibres
Cell grows more, cell makes proteins and organelles, reorganises contents to prepare for mitosis	G2
the first stage of mitosis	prophase
When the tangled DNA becomes a more condensed structure and takes the shape of a chromosome	supercoil
a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape	centromere
the final stage of mitosis	telophase
the second stage of mitosis	metaphase
the stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle	anaphase
organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following telophase bringing about the separation into two daughter cells	cytokinesis