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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
Natural selection results in ____	adaptation
The development of penicillin-resistant bacteria represents an example of ____	microevolution
If there are two alleles for a gene in a population, and the frequency of the dominant allele (p) is .5, then the frequency of the recessive allele (q) is ____	.5
In an isolated population of fruit flies, 4 percent of the individuals have pink eyes, a homozygous recessive condition, and 96 percent have the dominant black eye phenotype. What percentage of the population are heterozygotes?	32%
The only survivors of a colony on Venus are a man and a woman, who both happen to originally be from southern Ukraine. Their descendants will show the effect of ____	genetic drift
Which of the following evolution-related events are in the correct cause-and-effect sequence?	mutation → variation → natural selection → adaptation → speciation
Stabilizing selection reduces genetic and phenotypic variation and increases the frequency of intermediate phenotypes	True
Andrew P. Hendry and colleagues discovered that Galápagos ground finches with small bills and ground finches with large bills were more common and had higher fitness than birds with bills of intermediate size, a demonstration of ____ selection.	disruptive
The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation compared to the contributions of other individuals is called ____	relative fitness
What is the most accurate definition of microevolution?	heritable changes in the genetics of a population
With frequency-dependent selection, ____ has the highest rate of survival and reproduction.	a less common phenotype
Changing environmental conditions would most likely cause an existing species to undergo ____	directional selection
The shoulder joint in birds, which is essential for flight, may first have appeared in dinosaurs as an adaptation for capturing prey. This is an example of _____	a trait that evolved for one purpose, then proved adaptive for another purpose
The agent of microevolutionary change that is most likely to introduce genetic variation from another population is referred to as ____	gene flow
Answer the questions using the accompanying figure. Match each letter of the figure with the appropriate mode of natural selection. Directional Selection	A
Answer the questions using the accompanying figure. Match each letter of the figure with the appropriate mode of natural selection. Disruptive Selection	C
Answer the questions using the accompanying figure. Match each letter of the figure with the appropriate mode of natural selection. Stablizing Selection	B
Knowing that each diploid organism has one copy of each gene, a scientist can calculate the relative abundances of the different alleles in a population.	False
The accumulation of traits that increase the relative fitness of organisms in their environment over time results in ___	adaptation
According to the Hardy Weinberg principle, microevolution occurs when ____	a population experiences a shift in allele frequencies
q^2	frequency of homozygous recessive genotypes
p+q	the total gene pool for a gene with two alleles
p^2	frequency of homozygous dominant genotypes
2pq	frequency of heterozygotes
q	frequency of the recessive allele
p	frequency of the dominant allele
Natural selection exerts little or no effect on traits that appear during an individual’s ____	postreproductive life
Natural selection acts upon the ____ to create microevolutionary change.	phenotype of an individual organism
Which circumstance violates the conditions of the Hardy Weinberg model?	Nonrandom mating with respect to genotypes occurs between individuals.
Most new alleles probably arise from ____.	small-scale mutations in DNA
Genetic drift will have a progressively larger impact on allele frequencies in a population as ____	population size decreases
Natural Selection	Differential survivorship or reproduction of individuals with different genotypes
Gene flow	Change in allele frequencies as individuals join a population and reproduce
Mutation	heritable change in DNA
nonrandom mating	choice of mates based on their phenotypes and genotypes
genetic drift	random changes in allele frequencies caused by chance events