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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

medical terms

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
conduction of the electrical impulse through the heart’s conductive system in an abnormal fashion.	Aberrant conduction
scraping or abrading away of the superficial layers of the skin; an open soft tissue injury.	2. Abrasion
the period of the cardiac cycle when stimulation will not produce any depolarization whatever.	3. Absolute refractory period
immunity that develops over time and results from exposure to an antigen	4. Acquired immunity
5.acquired immunity that occurs following exposure to an antigen and results in the production of antibodies specific for the antigen	Active immunity:
6. the sudden occlusion of arterial blood flow.	Acute arterial occlusion
7. form of pulmonary edema that is caused by fluid accumulation in the interstitial space within the lungs	Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) -
8. a substance capable of inducing of specific hypersensitivity. Allergens may be protein or non-protein although most are protein.	Allergen
9.exaggerated response by the immune system to a foreign substance.	Allergic Reaction
10.a hypertensive state acquired though exposure to a particular allergen	Allergy
11. severance, removal, or detachment, either partial or complete, of a body part.	Amputation
12. an unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to a foreign protein or other substance	Anaphylaxis
13. a weakening or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel.	Aneurysm
14.chest pain that results when the blood supply’s oxygen demands exceed the heart’s.	Angina pectoris
15. marked edema of the skin that usually involves the head, neck, and upper airway a common manifestation of severe allergic reaction and anaphylaxis	Angio edema
16. the absence or near absence of oxygen	Anoxia
17. principle agent of a chemical attack of an invading substance	Antibody
18. any substance that is capable under appropriate conditions of inducing as specific immune response	Antigen
19. absence of breathing	Apnea
20. the absence of cardiac electrical activity; often used interchangeably with dysrhythmia.	Arrhythmia
21. a thickening, loss of elasticity, and hardening of the walls of the arteries from calcium deposits.	Arteriosclerosis
22. deflection on the ECG produced by factors other than the heart’s electrical activity.	Artifact
23. bulges in flanks and abdo	Ascites
24. a decrease in the amount of oxygen and an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide as a result of some interference with respiration	Asphyxia
25. a progressive, degenerative disease of the medium-sized and large arteries.	Atherosclerosis
26. listening with a stethoscope for sounds produced by the body	Auscultation
27. forceful tearing away or separation of body tissue; may be partial or complete.	Avulsion
28. big toe dorsi flex and other toes fan out when sole is stimulated.	Babinski response
29. ventilation device consisting of a self inflating bag with two one way values and a transparent plastic face mask	Bag-valve mask
30. type of white blood cell that participates in allergic responses	Basophil
31.black and blue discoloration over the mastoid process.	Battle’s sign
32. ECG leads apply to the arms and legs that contain two electrodes of opposite polarity (leads 1, 2, 3).	Bipolar leads
33. force of blood again arterial walls	Blood pressure
34. pulse rate slower than 60 BPM	Bradycardia
35.slow breathing	Bradypnea
36. the sound of turbulent blood flow through a vessel; usually associated with atherosclerotic disease.	Bruit
37. a kind of interventricular heart block in which conduction through either the right or left bundle branch is blocked or delayed.	Bundle branch block
38. an accessory AV conduction pathway that is thought to be responsible for the ECG findings of pre-excitation syndrome.	Bundle of Kent
39. the measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide concentration	Capnography
40. the absence of ventricular contraction.	Cardiac arrest
41. machine displays electrical activity of the heart	Cardiac monitor
42. accumulation of excess fluid inside the pericardium.	Cardiac tamponade
43. the inability of the heart to meet the metabolic needs of the body, resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion.	Cardiogenic shock
44. immunity resulting from a direct attack of a foreign substance by specialized cells of the immune system	Cellular immunity
45. a disease characterized by a decreased ability of the lungs to perform the function of ventilation.	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
46. severe pain in the calf muscle due to inadequate blood supply. It typically occurs with exertion and subsides with rest.	Claudication
47. air enters the pleural space through an opening in the pleura that covers the lung	Closed pneumothorax
48. tough, strong protein that comprises most of the body’s connective tissue.	Collagen
49. associated disease process.	Co-morbidity
50. muscle ischemia that is caused by rising pressures within an anatomic fascial space.	Compartment syndrome
51. the stiffness or flexibility of the lung tissue	Compliance
52. condition in which the heart’s reduced stroke volume causes an overload of fluid in the body’s other tissues.	Congestive heart failure (CHF)
53. closed wound in which the skin is unbroken, although damage has occurred to the tissue immediately beneath.	Contusion
54. hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from disorders of the lung	Cor pulmonale
55. light crackling and popping heard during inspiration	Crackles
56. crunching sounds of unlubricated parts of joints rubbing against each other.	Crepitation
57.crackling sounds	Crepitus
58. mechanism of injury in which tissue is locally compressed by high-pressure forces.	Crush injury
59. systemic disorder of severe metabolic disturbances resulting from the crush of a limb or other body part.	Crush syndrome
60. discolouration around the umbilicus	Cullen’s sign
61. disease affecting the heart, peripheral blood vessels or both.	CVD (Cardiovascular disease)
62. bluish discoloration of the skin due to significantly reduced hemoglobin in the blood. The condition is directly related to poor ventilation	Cyanosis
63.arms and legs extended.	Decerebrate
64. arms flexed, legs extended.	Decorticate
65. a blood clot in the vein.	Deep venous thrombosis
66. the process of passing an electrical current through a fibrillating heart to depolarize a critical mass of myocardial cells. This allows them to depolarize uniformly, resulting in an organized rhythm.	Defibrillation
67. avulsion in which the mechanism of injury tears the skin off the underlying muscle, tissue, blood vessels, and bone.	Degloving injury
68. it takes place after the elapse of some time following re-exposure to an antigen. _________ _______ reactions are usually less severe than immediate reactions	Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
69. sweatiness	Diaphoresis
70. force of blood when heart is relaxed	Diastolic blood pressure
71.the movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration	Diffusion
72. aneurysm caused when blood gets between and separates the layers of the aortic wall.	Dissecting aortic aneurysm
73. duration from the beginning of the cardiac arrest until effective CPR is established.	Down time
74.difficult or labored breathing; a sensation of “shortness of breath”	Dyspnea
75. any deviation from the normal electrical rhythm of the heart.	Dysrhythmias
76. blue black discoloration of the skin due to leakage of blood into the tissues.	Ecchymosis
77. cardiac depolarization resulting from depolarization of ectopic focus.	Ectopic beat
78. non-pacemaker heart cell that automatically depolarizes; pl. ectopic foci.	Ectopic focus
79. the graphic recording of the heart’s electrical activity. It may be displayed either on paper or on an oscilloscope.	Electrocardiogram
80.early stage of wound healing in which epithelial cells migrate over the surface of the wound.	Epithelialization
81. general reddening of the skin due to dilation of the superficial capillaries.	Erythema
82. removing a tube from a body opening	Extubation
83. specialized cells that form collagen.	Fibroblasts
84. 3 or more ribs fractured in two or more places, creating an unattached rib segment	Flail chest
85. death of tissue or bone, usually from an insufficient blood supply; deep space infection usually caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens.	Gangrene
86. tool used to measure BGL	Glucometer
87. white blood cells charged with the primary purpose of neutralizing foreign bacteria.	Granulocytes
88. discoloration over the flanks suggesting intra-abdominal bleeding.	Grey-Turner’s sign
89. collection of blood beneath the skin or trapped within a body compartment.	Hematoma
90. the transport protein that carries oxygen in the blood	Hemoglobin
91. condition where air and blood are in the pleural space.	Hemopneumothorax
92. coughing of blood that has origin in the respiratory tract.	Hemoptysis
93. the body’s natural ability to stop bleeding, the ability to clot blood.	Hemostasis
94. blood within the pleural space.	Hemothorax
95. a product of mast cells and basophils that cause vasodilation, capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction and contraction of the gut	Histamine
96. immunity resulting from attack of an invading substance by antibodies	Humoral immunity
97. any of an order of highly specialized insects such as bees and wasps	Hymenoptera
98. an unexpected and exaggerated reaction to a particular antigen it is used synonymously with term allergy	Hypersensitivity
99. blood pressure higher than normal	Hypertension
100. an acute elevation of blood pressure that requires the blood pressure to be lowered within one hour; characterized by end-organ changes, such as hypertensive encephalopathy, renal failure, or boldness.	Hypertensive emergency