| What type of parasite is PCN? | Sedentary endoparasite |
| What pre-em herbicide options are there in potatoes? | Pendimethalin, flufenacet, metribuzin, clomazone, aclonifen, prosulfocarb |
| What dose rate should be achieved for successful ethylene application? | 4ppm |
| How long can PCN cysts remain viable in the soil for? | 10-20 years |
| What classification does European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) place PCN? | A2 quarantine pest |
| What is the potential loss caused by PCN? | 80% |
| How can PCN and FLN be chemically controlled? | Broadcast Nemathorin and Velum Prime into soil during cultivation |
| What legislation directive is based around the Seed Potato Classification Scheme (SPCS)? | PCN directive 2007/33/EC |
| What does the PCN directive 2007/33/EC specify? | All commercial seed potato crops must be grown on PCN free land |
| How much soil is sampled during an official PCN SPCS test? | 1500ml/ha |
| In ware crops, how many cores should be taken in a PCN soil sampling test? | 50/ha |
| What are the minimum core dimensions for a PCN test? | 15mm diameter core at 15cm depth |
| What cultural controls can be used to control PCN? | 1 in 8 rotation, varietal resistance, machinery hygiene, outgrading, field hygiene, biofumegation, trap cropping |
| Name the two main species of PCN | Globodera Pallida and Rostochiensis |
| What is the harvest interval of Nemathorin and what implication does this have? | 119 days, no early crop |
| What does the Syngenta Nematicide Stewardship Programme (NSP) entail? | Machinery calibration, operator training, operator exposure, wildlife monitoring, spillage prevention |
| What is the threshold to consider planting elsewhere under the NSP? | >15 eggs/g |
| What is the limitation of soil sampling for PCN and FLN? | Only 1kg/ha sampled and 200g/ha tested |
| What action should be taken if <10 eggs/g of PCN are found? | Use nematicide to prevent multiplication |
| What action should be taken if 10-80 eggs/g of PCN are found? | Use nematicide to protect yield |
| What action should be taken if >80 eggs/g of PCN are found? | Do not plant or use fumigant and granular |
| When was the EU PCN directive 2007/33/EC created? | 1st July 2010 |
| Describe PCN resistance in a cultivar | The ability to resist multiplication of PCN |
| Describe PCN tolerance in a cultivar | The ability to maintain good yields despite PCN presence |
| What formulation is Nemathorin (fosthiazate)? | GR |
| What formulation is Velum Prime (Fluopyram)? | SC |
| What disease is spread by FLN? | TRV |
| What is the main symptom of Tobacco rattle virus? | Spraing |
| Where are FLN more of an issue? | Light sandy soils where irrigation occurs |
| What is the threshold for slugs in potatoes? | 1 |
| What are the more difficult slugs to monitor due to their underground lifecycles? | Round backed and keeled slug |
| When should you set slug traps in potato crops? | July-august |
| What other product can be used to control slugs other than ferric phosphate? | Nemaslug |
| What cultural controls are available for slug control? | Fine tilth, consolidation, resistant varieties, beetle banks |
| How is wireworm sampled for? | 20 cores/10 ha |
| What is the limit of detection for wireworm sampling? | 62000/ha |
| What herbicides can be used post emergence to control BLW in potatoes? | Rimsulfuron and Metribuzin |
| What would be a good pre-em herbicide for knotgrass control in potatoes? | Metobromuron |
| What could be added to a potato pre-em for control of cleavers? | Clomazone |
| What is the main potato pre-em | Prosulfocarb and metribuzin |
| What is the post-em cut off for metribuzin and rimsulfuron? | 15cm stem |
| After a nematicide incorporation, how should wildlife affects be monitored? | Check field 12 and 24 hours post application |
| How can skin diseases be controlled chemically post harvest? | Imazalil on the roller bed |
| What is the optimum temperature for storage? | 7 degrees |
| What are the sprout suppressant actives available? | Maleic hydrazide, spearmint oil, ethylene |
| What is the crucial requirement for mint oil application? | Crop is dry |
| How can potatoes be dried for mint oil application? | Run fans for 24hrs prior to application |
| What is the best chemical sprout suppressant option? | Maliec hydrazide and spearmint oil |
| What does maliec hydrazide add to sprout suppressing strategy? | Residual control |
| What are cultural sprout suppressant controls? | Low temperature tolerant varieties, varieties with low acrylamide and long dormancy |
| What is the closed store period for spearmint oil (Biox-m)? | 48hrs minimum |
| What issues can occur through poor Ethylene usage? | Fry colour |
| How can potato volunteers be controlled? Cultural - chemical | Haulm crusher, field hygiene, seedbed preparation, machinery calibration, no ploughing, maliec hydrazide dessicant, herbicide in cereals |
| What size are salad potatoes? | 25-40mm |
| What size are general ware potatoes? | 45-65mm |
| What size are chip trade potatoes? | 75mm |
| What size are bakers potatoes? | 65mm-85mm |
| Name a determinate 1 variety | Maris Bard |
| Name a partially determinate 2 variety | Maris Peer |
| Name an indeterminate 3 variety | Maris Piper |
| Name an indeterminate 4 | Cara |
| What is the ideal sowing depth and temperature? | 15cm and above 6 degrees |
| What is an approximate seed rate for potatoes? | 3t/ha |
| Why would you chit seed? | Enhanced emergence, earlier tubor initiation, earlier scenescence |
| When should systemic fungicides be used? | Rapid growth stage and end of season |
| When should translaminar fungicides be used? | Stable canopy growth stage |
| When should protectant fungicides be used? | Stable growth stage and end of season |
| What fungicides will control early blight? | Mancozeb, fluazinam, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin |
| Once the hutton criteria is met, how often should fungides be applied? | Every 5-7 days |
| What must be be checked prior to an operator using Nemathorin? | Sensitivity to antocholinesterase inhibitors |
| What do biofumigant crops release that kills nematodes? | Glucocinelates |
| What is the peach potato aphid threshold for potatoes? Ware vs Seed | 3-5 aphids per compound leaf for ware, spray at first sign of infestation for seed |
| What is the integrated control programme for late blight? | Volunteer control, field hygiene, outgrading, spot spraying, seed quality, irrigation and hutton criteria |
| What is early blight also known as? | Alternaria |
| When at phase 1 of blight control (Rosette stage/ Hutton criteria reached), what mode of action is required, how many sprays are required, and name an example products | Contact, 1 spray, Mancozeb, amisulbrom |
| When at phase 2 of blight control (Rapid canopy growth), what growth type occurs, what mode of action is required, how many sprays are required, and name 3 example products | Systemic, 2 sprays, Oxathiapiprolin + benthiavalicarb, fluopicolide + propamocarb |
| When at phase 3 of blight control (Stable canopy), what mode of action is required, how many sprays are required and name 3 example products. Any other issues to add product for? | Translaminar, 6-8 sprays, Mandipropamid, cymoxanil, Dimethomorph, early blight, mancozeb or difenconazole |
| When at phase 4 of blight control (Canopy senescence) what must the programme protect against, what mode of action is required and name 3 example products | Zoospores, contact and translaminar rotation, 2-3 sprays, cyazofamid, amisulbrom, fluopicolide + propamocarb |
| What should be done prior to storing ware and seed potatoes? | Clean store with Sorgene 5 |
| What is the % reduction in population of PCN per year in the absence of host? | 10% |
| How does blight reproduce? | Asexually and Sexually |
| What are high risk factors for Common Scab? | Light sandy soils with high pH |
| How can Common Scab be controlled by integrated approach? | Varietal resistance, certified seed, sulphur applications and irrigation maintained at SMD <12mm |
| What are high risk factors of Powdery Scab? | Wet heavy soils |
| How can Powdery Scab be controlled by integrated approach? | Long rotations, certified seed, consolidated seedbed, irrigation maintained between SMD 3-12mm |
| What are high risk factors for Spraing (TRV)? | Light sandy irrigated soils |
| How can Spraing be controlled by integrated approach? | Varietal resistance, Avoid planting, Nemathorin |
| How can Black Scurf be controlled by integrated approach? | Certified seed, long rotations, seed treatments |
| How can Silver Scurf be controlled by integrated approach? | Varietal resistance, certified seed, pre plant fungicide Imazalil, cool dry storage |
| How can Black Dot be controlled by integrated approach? | Certified seed, long rotation, Azoxystrobin in furrow at planting |
| What are 2 pre-em herbicide advantages and disadvantages? | Advantages: additional weed kill, sensitize weeds for post-em
Disadvantages: reduced crop vigor, expensive |
| What pre-em herbicide would have good activity on cleavers? | Clomazone and flufenacet |
| What pre-em herbicide would have good activity on fat hen? | Metribuzin |
| What pre-em herbicide would have good activity on vol.OSR | Pendimethalin and metribuzin |
| What pre-em herbicide would have good activity on grassweeds and black bindweed? | Prosulfocarb and metribuzin |
| When must pre-planting glyphosate be avoided? | In seed crops |
| List some dessication options? | Varietal choice, flail, carfentrazone |
| When can Maleic hydrazide (Fazor) not be used? | In seed crops |
| When should maliec hydrazide be applied to the canopy? What conditions must it be applied in? | 3-5 weeks prior to haulm destruction, below 25 degrees, 75% RH with 12 hour rainfast allowance |
| What temperature should pre-pack potatoes be stored at and why? | 2-4 degrees to reduce sprouting |
