| Who will draw up the local rules? | The radiation protection advisor |
| The exposure button must how far away from the primary beam? | 2 metres |
| Who can't do X-Rays? | People under 16, Owners and Pregnant Women |
| Where will a dosemeter be worn? | On the body, under lead aprons / On the Collar or Sleeve |
| Which type of dosemeter contains orange coloured lithium floride crystals | Thermo-Luminescent Dosemeters |
| What is the person who is appointed in practice for overseeing radiography in the practice called? | The radiation protection supervisor |
| What should you not do with PPE? | No folding, or crumpling of PPE |
| What is the minimum thickness of a lead apron? | 0.25mm le |
| What thickness should gloves, sleeves and hand shields be? | 0.35mm le |
| Define Wavelength | Distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next wave |
| Define Frequency | The number of waves produced by a source each second |
| Define semantic affects | Cell damages that pass on to succeeding cell generations |
| What charge does a cathode possess? | Negative Charge |
| What charge does an anode possess? | Positive Charge |
| What material is used in the filament? | Tungsten |
| Why do you use Tungsten? | Very high melting point |
| Where does the filament sit? | Focussing cup |
| What does the glass casing surrounding the anode and cathode do? | Surrounded by oil to absorb heat |
| What is the whole structure encased by? | Lead |
| What is kilo voltage (kV)? | Potential Difference between Cathode and Anode |
| What happens to the current (mA) when heating of the filament occurs in the cathode? | It increases |
| What does emulsion do in radiographic film? | Responsible for producing image |
| What does subbing do? | Sticks emulsion to base layer |
| What is the supercoat used for in the radiographic film? | Protective Layer |
| Emulsion contains what type of crystals? | Silver Bromide crystals in gelatin |
| What happens to the silver bromide crystals when exposed to photons? | Lose their bromide during processing |
| What type of crystals do intensifying screens contain? | Phosphor Crystals |
| What are phosphor crystals sensitive to? | Blue or Green light |
| What are grids? | Series of thin strips of lead between material allowing the passage of X-Rays |
| How are parallel grids aligned? | Lead strips parallel across the grid |
| How are focussed grids aligned? | Strips are Vertical Centrally but slope on either side |
| How are crossed grids aligned? | Strips in cross fashion |
| When are crossed grids used? | Practices where high definition is needed |
| What causes shading on X-Rays? | Tissues absorb different amounts of primary beam depending on structure |
| White shades on an X-Ray mean what? | Metal |
| Bone is seen as what shade on X-Rays? | Nearly White |
| Mild Grey shades on an X-Ray means? | Soft Tissue and Fluid |
| Fat is seen as what shade on X-Rays? | Dark Grey |
| Gas is seen as what shade on X-Rays? | Very Dark |
| What should you do when using contrast media? | Take a plain X-Ray first |
| Positive Contrast has a _____ atomic number solution? | High |
| What colour will the image show when using positive contrast? | White |
| Negative contrast has a _____ atomic number? | Low |
| What colour will negative contrast show? | Black |
| Where is barium sulphate used? | In the gut region |
| Water soluble iodine carries a risk of _______ ? | Anaphylactic Shock |
| Water soluble iodine has a osmotic pressure, so will cause ______ ? | Fluids to be absorbed |
| Why should an animal be rolled once barium solution is ingested? | Coats the gut lining |
| What is the interval for a series of X-Rays of the small intestine? | 15 minutes for 60 minutes |
| What should be given to examine the large intestines? | Barium Enema |
| What does myelography show? | Compressions on the spine |
| What contrast media is used for myleography? | Low osmotic pressure water soluble iodine? |
| Name the two approaches used in myleography | Cisternal Puncture or Lumber Puncture |
| How should the patient be positioned in recovery? | Head propped up |
| During myleography how does the head need to be positioned? | Chin Must touch the chest |
| What can happen if the contrast media reaches the cranium? | Seisures |
| Arthrography is the imaging of what? | Joint / detect soft tissue issues |
| What contrast is used in Arthrography? | Air or Water soluble iodine |
| Pneumocystogram uses what contrast media? | Negative media - air |
| Double contrast Pneumocystogram uses what media? | Positive and Negative media |
| Fluoroscopy is _____ ? | Continuous X-Ray image monitoring movement |
| What are the five stages of manual processing? | Develop/Rinse/Fix/Wash/Dry |
| How long does the develop stage last? | 3-5 minutes |
| How long does the wash stage last? | 15-30 mins |
| How long does the fix stage last? | 10 mins |
| How long does the rinse stage last? | 10 secs |
| What are the four stages of automatic processing? | Develop/Fix/Wash/Dry |
| What does the kV do? | Controls the quality or penetration strength of the primary beam |
| The more thick a tissue is the ... the kV | Higher |
| Why is it useful to record exposures? | Identify increased risks, optimum factors for certain species and body factors |
| What is the film focal distance? | Distance between the focal spot and the x-ray film |
| What will increasing the film focal distance do? | Reduce the intensity of the beam to 1/4 of the film |
| How should urine and faeces be disposed of after scintigraphy? | Radioactive waste |
| What is computed Tomography good for? | Skeletal imaging - detects new bone formation |
| When should magnetic resonance imaging be used? | For soft tissue injuries and pathology |
| What is MRI based on? | Use of hydrogen in water atoms in tissues |
| Why do we use endoscopy? | FB, Trauma and undiagnosed illnesses |
| How do you sterilise endoscopes? | Cold sterilisation |
| What ultrasound frequency should be used for cats? | 7.5MHz - 10MHz |
| What ultrasound frequency is used in medium dogs? | 5MHz-7.5MHz |
| What ultrasound frequency should be used for large dogs? | 2MHz - 5MHz |
| What is an ultrasound probe called? | Transducer |
| A transducer contains what type of crystal? | Piezoelectric crystals |
| A mode on a ultrasound means what? | Amplitude mode - sound |
| B Mode on an ultrasound, means what? | Brightness - real time image |
| M mode on an ultrasound means? | Movement - cardiac |
| A doppler shows what? | Blood flow |
| Hyperechoic or echogenic means? | Highly reflective - bone and gas - bright white echoes |
| Hypoechoic or echo-poor will show as? | Grey appearance - soft tissues |
| Anechoic or echolucent is see as? | Black appearance - fluid |
| What side should a lateral x-ray be taken on to assess heart? | Right lateral |
| What side should thorax laterals be taken when looking at the pathology of the lungs? | Left lateral |
| What position should never be used if pleural fluid, pneumothorax or diaphragmatic rupture is suspected? | Ventrodorsal |
