| Why do cells specialise? | This is to make whatever they are doing more effective and quicker. When they work with other specialised cells with the same job they make a tissue. Different tissues can make organs, Different organs make a organ system |
| Give 2 examples of specialised cells. | -You have Palisade leaf cells which do most of the photosynthesis in plants. They are packed with chloroplasts. They tall shape allows them to have a lot of surface area exposing the side of absorbing CO2 in the leaf. They are also thin which means you can fit them nearer the top of the leaf, for more light.
-Sperm's job is to get the Male DNA to the Female DNA during sex. They have long tails and streamlined heads to swim and have a lot of mitochondria for enough energy as they have a lot of enzymes in their heads, to digest the egg cell membrane. |
| What is differentiation? | This is the process where a cell changes to become specialised for the job |
| What can Stem cells do? | Stem cells are undifferentiated, meaning if given instructions they divide to make new cells which then differentiate. |
| What are the different types of stem cells? | Embryonic stem cells: These are found in embryos and have the potential to become any kind of cell. This is because all of the different cells came from just a few cells in the embryo which would grow and duplicate.
Adult stem cells: These are found in bone marrow and other places. They cant turn into any cell they want to be but instead can be a cell in that same tissue it was made. They can be used to replace damaged cells |
| What is Meristems? | This is the only cell found in plants that can divide by Mitosis. |
| Where is it found and what is it function [Meristems] | It can be found in areas where the plant is growing [root, shoots] They make unspecialised cells that can divide and make any cell type in the plant. Its like embryonic stem cells, but this one can last for as long as the plant lives.
They can make xylem, Phloem etc... |
