| Skeletal, smooth, cardiac | Types of Muscle |
| Contractyle apparatus of skeletal muscle | Sarcomere |
| Actin | Thin Filaments |
| Myosin | Thick filaments |
| Z line | Thin filaments sit on the |
| Actin only | i band |
| Mid line of the sarcomere where myosin lies | m line |
| Only myosin | H band |
| All together | A band |
| Myosin pulls actin in | In the contraction of the muscle |
| When muscles contract upon joints and the lever provided is the bones | Lever system |
| Tendons | Attached to the bones via (muscle to bone) |
| Dense regular CT | Tendons type of CT |
| ligaments | What connects bone to bone |
| attachment to the stationary bone | Origin point (proximal) |
| Attachment to the movable bone | Insertion (distal) |
| it will not move that bone (biceps example) | Generally, if a muscle lies above a bone... |
| Isotonic and isometric | Types of contraction in sm |
| Muscle changes its length | Isotonic contraction |
| no changes in length of the muscle (static exercise, f.e., sitting on a wall) | Isometric contraction |
| Concentric and eccentric | Types of isotonic contraction |
| Muscle lengthens, force = force of gravity | Eccentric contraction |
| Muscle shortens, force of contraction is greater than force of gravity to produce movement | Concentric contraction |
| Group of myofibers | Fascicle |
| perimysium | Fascicle surrounded by... |
| epimysium (dense irregular CT) | Multiple fascicles surrounded by |
| Muscle cell | Myofiber |
| Endomysium | Myofiber surrounded by |
| Fascicles | A muscle consists of many |
| Parallel, fusiform, circular, triangular, pennate | Classification (arrangement of the fascicles) |
| Fascicles parallel to the longitudinal axis of muscle; terminate at either end in flat tendons | Parallel muscle |
| Parallel muscle; behind ear, helps us depress our mandible | Stylohyoid muscle classification |
| Fascicles nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of muscle; terminate in flat tendons; muscle tapper toward tendons where diameter is less than at the belly (spindle shaped) | Fusiform muscles |
| Fusiform muscle, helps depress mandible | Digastric muscle type |
| Both ends of the fascicles attach to the same tendon. Fascicles in concentric cirular arrangement | Circular muscle |
| Around our eye, circular | Obicularis oculi muscle type |
| Muscle around our lips | Obicularis oris |
| Fascicles spread over broad area and converge at thich central tendon | Triangular muscle |
| Triangular | Pectoralis major muscle type |
| short fascicles in relation ot the total muscle length; tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle | Pennate muscle |
| unipennate, bipennate, multipennate | Pennate muscle subtypes |
| Fascicles arranged on only one side of tendon (extensor digitorum longus muscle) | Unipennate muscle |
| Fascicles on both sides of central tendon (looks like a feather; rectus femoris) | Bipennate muscle |
| Many tendons in bipennate arrangement (deltoid), all converge together to a common tendon | multipennate muscle |
| The different bellies of the muscle have different actions associated with them | Reason why muscles are arranged that way in bipennate and multipennate muscles |
| Muscle producing the movement | Agonist muscle |
| Opposite effect (contracts when the other relaxes and viceversa) | Antagonist muscle |
| "pacifist"; neutralise extra motion from the agonist, stabilise the intermediate joints and facilitate movement with less effort | Synergist muscle |
| Agonist, antagonist, synergist, fixator | Muscle groups that act together for coordination |
| Stabilise the origin of the agonist | Fixator muscles |
| Deltoid and trapezoid | Fixators for biceps |
| Group of muscles with a common function together that have more or less the same innervation, arterial supply and lymphatic drainage | Compartments of muscles |
| Facial nerve (cranial nerve 7) | Nerve for muscles of facial expression |
| Facial expression | functions of muscles of facial expression |
| Obicularis oculi, Obicularis oris, Zygomatic major and minor | Impt. muscles of facial expression |
| Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve 5), specifically the mandibular division of this nerve | Muscles of mastication nerve |
| Mastication (chewing) | Muscles of mastication function |
| Temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoids, masseter, platisma (panic muscle) | Impt. muscles of mastication |
| Line that divides muscles in the rectus abdominis, causing 6 pack | Linea alba |
| Central tendon, tendons that connect it to L2 and L3 vertebrae, NOT ONLY 2 | Tendons of the diaphragm |
| Connect structures from thoracic cavity to abdominal cavity (interior vena cava, esophagus, aorta) | Openings of the diaphragm |
| Runs with each compartment (contains nerves, arteries and veins) | Neurovascular bundle |
| Compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis | Sciatica caused by |
