| How does the nervous system utilise autonomic control of cardiac activity to regulate blood pressure? | Autonomic control of cardiac activity primpary occurs through changes in HR as sympathetic nerve fiberes direclt innervate the myocardium to: increase SA nodal discharge increase conduction velocity Increase contractibility |
| Which reflex enables short-term control of blood pressure? | The Baroreceptor reflex, arterial volume reflex and chemoreceptor control |
| Describe the components Baroreceptor reflex which enables short-term control of blood pressure | Baroreceptors are stretch receptors located in the carotid sinus and the aortic arch. Increased baroreceptors stretch (via increased pressure) increases nerve firing. Increased Pressure = decreased HR and vasodilation. Decreased Pressure= increased HR and vasoconstriction. |
| Compare the components of the arterial volume reflex with those of the chemoreceptor control | Arterial Volume Reflex Responds to arterial stretch (volume overload) Dilatesafferent renal arterioles. Decrease secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Chemoreceptor Control Similar location to baroreceptors and sensitive to chemical changes in arterial blood. |
| Which mechanisms govern long-term BP control | The kidneys govern long-term control of blood pressure |
| How do the kidneys regulate long-term BP control? | Long term control of arterial pressure is closely intertwined with the homeostasis of fluid volume. Pressure diuresis refers to the renal output of water in response to increasing pressure. Pressure natriuresis refers to salt output from, in response to increasing pressure. |
