| What are the contents of the tarsal tunnel | T - Tibialis posterior
D - Flexor Digitorum
A - Posterior Tibial Artery
V - vein
N - Tibial Nerve
H - Flexor Hallucis Longus |
| What type of joint is the ankle and what does it articulate with | Synovial hinge joint between the talus, tibia and fibula |
| What are the different ligaments of the foot | Medial Collateral Ligament and Deltoid ligament complex --> damaged by excess eversion since it prevents hypereversion, made up of anterior/posterior tibiotalar ligament, tibionavicular ligament and the tibiocalcaneal ligamnet
Lateral Collateral Ligaments ( x3 ) made of the Anterior Talofibular, Posterior Talofibular and Calcneofibular ligament --> prevents excess inversion but can be damaged more easily than the medial collateral ligament |
| How can you examine an ATFL tear? | Ankle drawer test |
| What does malleolar fracture cause? | Pain and swelling, unable to weight bear and pain on palpation |
| What is Valgus and Varus? | Valgus --> pointing away from the midlinne ( distal part of the joint )
Varus --> pointing towards the midline |
| What are the locations of the 5 nerves of the foot ( plantar side ) | Main is tibial --> medial and lateral plantar branches of from the tibial nerve
Medial plantar --> All digits except half of 4th digit and 5th digit
Lateral plantar --> half of 4th and 5th digits
Saphenous --> medial side of the plantar foot
Sural --> Lateral side of the plantar foot is sural
Tibial --> sole of the foot
Dorsal side --> superficial peroneal nerve |
| What is the locations of the nerves in the dorsal side of the foot | Most of it is the superficial peroneal nerve except the 1st and 2nd digits middle part which is deep peroneal nerve
Sural is lateral side without any digits
Saphenous is medial side without any digits |
| What is in the layer 1 of the intrinsic muscles | Flexor Digitorum brevis
Adductor Hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi |
| Layer 2 of the intrinsic muscle | Flexor hallucis longus
Lumbricals
Quadratus plantae
Flexor digitorum longus |
| Layer 3 of the intrinsic muscle | Flexor hallucis brevis with sesamoids
Flexor digit minimi brevis
Adductor hallucis
Oblique head |
| Layer 4 of the intrinsic muscles | Interossei
Peronues longus
Tibialis posterior |
| What artery and nerve supplies the plantar foot? | Lateral and medial plantar nerves supply the plantar foot
Posterior tibial artery branches off into medial and lateral plantar arches which supply the blood |
| What happens if the foot arches are damaged/weakened | Can predispose the patient to pes planus ( flat foot ) |
