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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
2 kidneys; 2 ureters; 1 urinary bladder; 1 urethra	The urinary system consists of:
the scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidneys	Nephrology
the branch of medicine that deals with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system.	UROLOGY
a physician who specializes in urology	UROLOGIST
1. the kidneys regulate blood volume and composition, help regulate blood pressure, synthesize glucose, release erythropoietin, participate in vitamin D synthesis, excrete wastes by forming urine 2. the ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder 3. the urinary bladder stores urine 4. the urethra discharges urine from the body	Functions of the Urinary System
1. regulate blood ionic compound 2. regulate blood pH 3. regulate blood volume 4. regulate blood pressure 5. maintenance of blood osmolarity 6. production of hormones 7. regulate blood glucose level 8. excretion of wastes and substances	Functions of the kidneys
a failure to completely or normally void urine, may be due to an obstruction in the urethra or neck of the urinary bladder	urinary retention
high levels of urea in the blood resulting from severe malfunction pf the kidneys	UREMIA
1. paired 2. reddish 3. bean-shaped organs 4. above the waist 5. between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen 6. between the levels of T12 &L3 7. protected by the 11th & 12th pairs of ribs 8. right kidney is slightly lower than the left	characteristics of the kidneys
1. renal capsule (deep) 2. adipose tissue (intermediate) 3. renal fascia (superficial)	layers of the tissue that surrounds the kidneys (deep to superficial)
"drooping" of the kidneys; inferior displacement of the kidney; "floating kidney"; when the kidney slips from its normal position; not held securely in place; occurs in thin people because renal fascia & adipose tissue is deficient	NEPHROPTOSIS
1. renal cortex (superficial) 2. renal medulla (deep)	a frontal section through the kidneys reveals two distinct regions:
renal medulla: deep; darker reddish-brown; inner region; contains pyramids renal cortex: superficial; light-red area; smooth-textured	describe the renal medulla and cortex:
1. 1/2 of each adjacent renal column 2. renal pyramid 3. over-lying area of the renal cortex	the renal lobe
functional portion of the kidneys; consists of the renal cortex and renal pyramids	PARENCHYMA
sympathetic division of the ANS	the renal nerves are part of the
1200mL/per minute	in adults, the renal blood flow to both kidneys is about:
R.S.I.A.I.A.G.E.P.I.A.I.R.	blood supply of the kidneys:
transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient whose kidneys no longer function	kidney transplant
1. nephron 2. collecting duct 3. papillary duct 4. minor calyx & major calyx 5. renal pelvis 6. ureter 7. urinary bladder 8. urethra	path of urine drainage:
functional units of the kidneys	NEPHRONS
1. renal corpuscle 2. renal tubule	each nephron consist of:
1. glomerulus 2. glomerular (bowman's) capsule	the renal corpuscle consists of:
1. PCT 2. LOH 3. DCT	the renal tubule consists of:
1 million	the kidneys has about..........nephrons
cortical	about 80-85% of the nephrons are:
juxtamedullary	about 15-20% of the nephrons are:
1. renal corpuscles 2. loops of henle length 3. penetration into the renal medulla 4. supplies by peritubular capillaries or vasa recta	differences between the cortical & juxtamedullary nephrons:
modified simple squamous epithelial cells (podocytes)	the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule consists of:
simple squamous epithelium	the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule consists of:
capsular (bowman's) space- the space between the 2 layers of the glomerular capsule	fluid filtered in the glomerulus enters the:
simple cuboidal with prominent brush borders of microvilli	cells of the PCT are:
simple squamous epithelium	the descending and thin ascending limb of the LOH are composed of:
simple cuboidal to low columnar epithelium	the thick ascending limb of the LOH is composed of:
cells of the final portion of the ascending limb of the LOH that makes contact with the afferent arteriole	macula densa
simple cuboidal epithelial cells	most of the DCT is composed of :
simple cuboidal epithelium consisting of principal and intercalated cells	last part of the DCT AND collecting duct is composed of:
1. macula densa 2. juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole	what makes up the juxtaglomerular appartus (JGA)