| If TPR falls and cardiac output does not change, what happens to arterial and venous pressure | Arterial pressure will fall
Venous pressure will rise |
| If cardiac output is increased, while TPR stays the same, what happens to arterial and venous pressure | Arterial pressure will rise
Venous pressure will fall --> this is due to blood being pumped rapidly out of the veins so there is reduction in pressure |
| What is demand led pumping | If the body needs more blood, then the heart needs to pump more to meet the ‘demand’
This demand is expressed as changes in arterial and venous pressure |
| What is the ultrasound of the heart | Echocardiogram |
| What is the relationship between ventricular filling and venous pressure | The higher the venous pressure the more the heart fills in diastole
This is known as ventricular compliance curve |
| What is the Starlings Law for the heart | The more the heart fills the harder it contracts (up to a limit)
The harder it contracts the bigger the stroke volume
Rises in venous pressure automatically lead to rises in stroke volume |
| In a stroke volume and venous pressure graph, what does the slope represent | Contractility of the ventricle |
| What determines the force of contraction | End diastolic volume
Contractility
Contractility Increased by sympathetic activity |
| Relationship between arterial and venous pressure with stroke volume | If venous pressure rises → stroke volume will rise
If arterial pressure falls → stroke volume will rise |
| In the Autonomic nervous system, which part increases heart rate | Reducing parasympathetic activity
Increasing sympathetic activity |
