| The transportation system of the body | Cardiovascular [circulatory] System |
| The Cardiovascular System delivers Oxygen and Nutrients to the cells to support their individual activities and transports the | Cells waste products to the appropriate organs for disposal |
| The Heart is not much bigger than a fist and pumps how many gallons a day? | 1000 |
| How many times does the heart beat a day? | 100,000 |
| How does the Heart transport blood? | 60,000 miles through a network of blood vessels |
| A hollow organ composed mainly of muscle tissue with series of one-way valves | The Heart |
| Where in the Chest Cavity is the Heart located? | Between the lungs in a region called the Mediastinum |
| The organs and tissues separating the lungs; in addition to the heart and its greater vessels | Mediastinum |
| What does the Mediastinum contain? | Trachea and Esophagus |
| How much of the Heart lies left of the midline | Two-Thirds |
| Where does the wider base of the heart lie? | Superior to and beneath the 2nd rib |
| Where does the Apex "narrow part" of the heart lie? | Inferiorly, slightly to the left between the fifth and sixth ribs near the Diaphragm |
| The Heart wall is composed of three layers which are: | Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium |
| A two layered, serous membrane that covers the entire structure | Pericardium |
| Between the two thin membranes is a serous fluid that allows friction-free movement of the | Heart as it contracts and relaxes |
| The Pericardium is which layer of the heart? | Outermost |
| Which layer forms the bulk of the heart wall and is the thickest and strongest layer of the heart? | Myocardium |
| The Myocardium is composed of the | Cardiac Muscle Tissue |
| What is responsible for pumping blood in the Myocardium tissue? | Contraction |
| The Endocardium [ Innermost layer ] is composed of a thin layer of | Connective Tissue |
| What divides the Heart into the right and left halves by muscular partition? | The Septum |
| The Heart has 4 chambers which are | Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle |
| The right atrium is the upper right chamber that receives what from the entire body? | Deoxygenated Blood |
| In the right atrium, the superior vena cava returns blood from the | Head, neck and the arms |
| Where does the Inferior vena cava return blood from? | The lower body |
| The coronary vein returns blood from the heart muscle to the | Coronary Sinus |
| The right ventricle is the | Lower right chamber |
| Where does the right ventricle pump blood to? | The Lungs "Pulmonary Artery" to release Carbon Dioxide and receive Oxygen |
| The left atrium is the | Upper left chamber |
| Where does the right ventricle receive deoxygenated blood? | The right atrium |
| Where does the left atrium receive oxygenated blood? | The lungs "pulmonary veins" |
| Both the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle receive | Oxygenated Blood |
| Both the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle receive | Deoxygenated Blood |
| The Left Ventricle/Left Atrium is the thickest, most muscular section of the Heart and pumps the Oxygenated blood out through the | Aorta to all parts of the body |
| The Heart functions as | Two Separate Pumps |
| The right side pump of the heart receives Deoxygenated Blood and | Pumps it to the Lungs |
| The left side pump receives Oxygenated Blood from the lungs and | Pumps it throughout the body |
| The Heart has 4 valves that keep the | Blood moving forward and prevent backflow |
| How many Atrioventricular [AV] Valves are in the Heart? and where are they located? | Two, between the Atrium and Ventricles |
| The right AV valve is between the right Atrium and right Ventricle called | Tricuspid Valve |
| The right Ventricle is called the Tricuspid because it contains | Three flaps or Cusps |
| The left AV Valve is composed of two cusps [ Bicuspid ] commonly is called the | Mitral Valve |
| The two cusps called Mitral Valve are located between left Atrium and left Ventricle and both rapidly close to | Prevent backflow of blood |
| Small cordlike structures | Chordae Tendineae |
| What does The Chordae Tendineae connect the what? | AV Valves to the walls of the heart |
| The AV Valves work with the Papillary muscles to make a tight | Seal to prevent backflow when the Ventricles contract |
| Two remaining valves the Semilunar Valves are located at the points where the | Blood exits the Ventricles |
| Where is the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve located? | Right Ventricle and the Pulmonary Artery |
| Where is blood pushed out? and where does it travel? | Out of Right Ventricle and goes to the lungs "Pulmonary Artery" |
| Where is the Aortic Semilunar Valve located? | Between the left Ventricle and the Aorta |
| What happens when the left Ventricle contracts? | Blood is forced into the Aorta making Aortic Semilunar Valve closes |
| Both Semilunar Valves have 3 cusps in the shape of a | Half Moon, hence the name Semilunar |
| What does the Heart Muscle tissue has the ability to do? | Contract in a Rhythmic pattern |
| The ability of the Heart muscle tissue contacting in a Rhythmic pattern is called | Automaticity |
| Can Heart muscle cells continue to beat if removed and placed under a microscope? | Yes |
| Heart muscle cells can respond to a stimulus in same way that nerve cells do, this unique property is called | Irritability |
| What are two characteristics that affect the functions of the conduction system? | Automaticity and Irritability |
| What affects the conduction of messages around the heart, initiation of heartbeat, and coordination of beating patterns between the Atria and the Ventricles? | Hormones, Ion concentration, and changes in body temp |
| Where is the Heartbeat initiated in? | The Sinoatrial [SA] node |
| Where is the Sinoatrial SA located? | Upper part of the right atrium, just beneath the opening of the Superior Vena Cava |
