| Also known as "Group A hemolytic Streptococi" | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Streptococcus pyogenes causes fever | True |
| It means that it completely lyses the erythrocytes in Blood Agar Plate | Beta Hemolytic |
| It is the infection in pharynx or throat | Pharyngitis |
| Type of fever caused by the exotoxins produced by the Streptococcus pyogenes | Scarlet fever |
| Skin lesions that caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and is usually found in children | Impetigo |
| Known as the flesh or meat eating bacteria | Necrotizing fasciitis |
| It is found within the fimbriae and is hairlike projections outside the cell. It is antigenic | M protein |
| It is he most antigenic extracellular toxic product that is produced by teh Streptococcus pyogenes | Strep O |
| What are the extracellular products of Streptococcal pyogenes | SLO
SLS
Hyaluronidase
Streptokinase
Erythrogenic toxin |
| It is always considered as potential pathogen and is found in human respiratory tract that causes fever and strepthroat | Streptococcus pyoegenes |
| What is the mode of transmission for Streptococcus pyogenes? | Droplet transmission, drowding, school aged children |
| What is the immunologic manifestation of Streptococcus pyogenes | Induces the production of several antibodies |
| Antibodies starts to increase during the day __ and has a maximm up to __ weeks | 7 and 4 |
| Antibodies against Streptococcus pyogenes becomes low when the infection beomes ____ | Endocarditis |
| Antibody titer becomes ____ on other infection | Higher |
| Diagnostic evaluation for Streptococcus pyogenes? | Antibody testing (ASO) and sample culture |
| Also known as STSS | Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome |
| STSS ___% of infection has undermined mode of transmission | 50% |
| What causes STSS? | The use of tampons |
| Immune mechanism from STSS: Streptococcus pyogenes produces Exotoxins ___&___ which meditates overprodution of TNF-ALPHA | A AND B |
| ___ and __ are necessary to create pyogenic reaction or fever | IL-1 AND IL-2 |
| What is the mortality rate of STSS? | 70% |
| What year did the syphilis first reported? | 1495 |
| What year did the spirochetes discovered? | 1905 |
| What is the causative agent of syphilis? | Treponema pallidum |
| Treponema carateum | Pinta |
| Treponema pertenue | Yaws |
| Syphilis or Treponema pallidum can be seen under what? | Darkfield Microscopy |
| Syphilis has an increased transmission on? | Males who are having sexual intercourse with male (Anal sex) |
| Syphilis is transmitted by? | Direct contact |
| Syphilis is highly transmissible in blood products, however, ___may decrease possibility of infection | refrigeration |
| Syphilis is tested together with? | Clamidia, Gonnorrhea, and HIV |
| What are the stages of Syphilis? | 1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary |
| What is present during the primary stage of syphilis? | Painless chancre |
| What is present during the secondary stage of syphilis? | Condyloma lata |
| WHat is present during the tertiary stage of the syphilis? | Hutchinsonian's triad
Neurosyphilis
Congenital syphilis |
| Immunologic manifestation of syphilis? | Antigen
Antibody |
| It is any disease causing microorganism carried by an object-insect, arachridis, or animals | Vector Born Disease |
| Lyme disease is caused by what type of spirochaetes? | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| Borellia burgdorferi is carried by what vector? | Ixodes scapularis |
| Is lyme disease common in america and europe? | Yes |
| What are the signs of lyme disease? | Cutaneous lesions
Carditis
Meningitis
Arthritis |
| What are the diagnosis for lyme disease? | Antibody detection
ELISA
PCR
CSF analysis |
| Treatment for Lyme disease? | Antibiotics |
| What bacteria causes Ehrliciosis? | Ehrlichia chaffensis |
| What type of vectors carries Ehrlicia chaffensis? | Ambylomma americanum and Ixodes scapularis |
| Treatment for Ehrliciosis? | Antibiotics scuh as tetracyline and chloramphenicol |
| It is a ticked born disease that is caused by Rickettsia Rickettsii | Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
| What is the carrier of Rickettsia Rickettsii | A. cajennense |
| It is caused by a parasitic protozoan, Babesia microti | Babesiosis |
| What is the carrier of Babesia microti | I xdes scapularis |
| It is caused by a Japanese encephalitis virus Flaviviridae | West Nile Virus |
| What is the carrier of the causative of the disease West Nile River | Aedes aegypti |
| Toxoplasmosis is caused by? | Toxoplasma gondii |
| Definitive hosts of Toxoplasma gondii? | Cats and humans as accidental hosts |
| Signs and symptoms of Toxoplasmosis? | Most people are asymptomatic except from immunocompromised |
| Aids patients infected with toxoplasmosis may form? | Encephalitis |
| Babies infected with toxoplasmosis may cause? | Congenital abnormality |
| Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis? | Antibody titer and PCR |
| It is a virus that is a member of HVU (Human Herpes Virus) | Cytomegalovirus |
| What is the mode of transmission for cytomegalovirus? | Cell to cell transmission |
| Most common virus transmitted to the fetus | Cytomegalovirus |
| Cytomegalovirus is ___ on immunocompetent individuals | Self- limiting |
| Signs and symptoms of cytomegalovirus? | Asymptomatic
Rarely causes fever, sore throat, malaise, and swollen glands |
| ____ are found to be reservoir of the cytomegalovirus | Body fluids |
| Known to after immune system | Cytomegalovirus |
| Diagnosis for cytomegalovirus | PCR for immunocomporomised patient |
| It is caused by Epstein- barr virus | Infectious mononocleus |
| Infectious mononocleus is a member of HHV? | Yes |
| Cause of Burr Kits lymphoma and Guillian Barre Syndrome | Infectious mononocleus |
| Is infectious mononocleus self limiting to immunocompetent individual? | yes |
| Infectious mononocleus infected at least __% of world's population | 95% |
