| How do you calculate the RATE OF REACTION? | Change in Quantity -------------------------- Change in Time |
| If a gas produced is not soluble, how can it be collected? | Collect over water |
| If a gas produced is soluble, how can it be collected? | Gas syringe |
| What is the most accurate method of collecting gas? | Gas syringe |
| Number of protons? | Same as the atomic number |
| Number of neutrons? | Mass number - number of protons |
| Number of electrons? | Equal to the number of protons |
| What is the overall charge of atoms? | Neutral |
| What is the mass of protons and neutrons? | 1 a.m.u |
| Mass number? | Number of protons + number of neutrons |
| Where is the total mass of the atom found? | Nucleus |
| What is an ISOTOPE? | Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers |
| How do you calculate the Relative Atomic Mass? | (mass of isotope 1 x%) + (massof isotope 2 x%) -------------------------------------------------------- 100 |
| What happens to non-metal atoms regarding ions? | Gain electrons and have negative ions |
| What happens to metal atoms regarding ions? | Loose electrons and have positive ions |
| Which solids conduct electricty? | Metals and carbon in the form of graphite |
| Which liquids conduct electricty? | Ionic and metals |
| Which solutions conduct electricity? | Ionic |
| When do ionic compounds conduct electricity? | when liquid or in a solution |
| Why do ionic compunds conduct electricity in liquid or solution? | Their ions are free to move |
| What is electricity? | The flow of electrons |
| What happens to metal atoms when conducted? | The outer electrons become delocalised and are free to move |
| What type of melting and boiling point do metals have? | High |
| What type of melting and boiling point does Ionic substances have? | High |
| What type of melting and boiling point do covalent molecules have? | Low |
| What type of melting and boiling point do covalent networks have? | Very high |
| Why do covalent networks have high mp and bp? | The covalent bonds between the atoms must be broken which uses a lot of energy |
| Why do cavalent molecules have low mp and bp? | Only the intermolecular forces need to be broken which does not use a lot of energy |
| What shape is this? | linear |
| What are spectator ions? | Ions that have not changed during a reaction |
| What is a ion? | Charged atom that form when a atom either looses or gains electrons |
