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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
What does it mean gross motor development, fine motor development-give the examplesgross motor - fine motor
What are the parts of physical examination?general state physical development psychomotor development skin lympnodes muscles bones and joints head neck chest abdomen urogenital organs neurological examination
What measurements have to be taken to asses general state?Vital signs -HR -BP -breathing rate -temp
Demonstrate, how we examine general state. Comment it , assuming that a patient is healthygeneral impression CNS condition (level of consciousness, alert and oriented) Respiratory condition (respiratory rate, NO dyspnea) Cardiovascular condition (HR, BP, NO tachycardia or bradycardia, NO cyanosis, edemas) Vital signs (HR,BP,breathing rate, temp) General state good VIDEO!
How do we divide the physical examination?General (general state, physical development, psychomotor development, skin, lymphnodes, muscles, bones and joints) Detailed (head, neck, chest, abdomen, urogenital organs, neurological examination)
What systems have to be sufficient to say that patient is in good general state?CNS Respiration Cardiovascular
Imagine you have found lymph node on the neck of you patient. Describe itSize Consistence: soft, tough, cohesive, splashing Tenderness, pain Fixed or movable Skin over lymph nodes- normal, reddish, hot, ulcerous Location
Describe examination of normal skin ( no abnormalities)Turgor Color (pink-normal, cyanosis, jaundice, paleness) Dry? Skin lesions Primary morphology (macule, papule, plaque, vesicle, Petechiae, etrc.) Secondary morphology (crust, scar, , erosion, et,) Temperature Hair, nails
What are the parameters of physical development assessed during examination?height/length weight head circumference chest circumference body proportions
What are the elements of psychomotor development? ExplainGross motor Fine motor Speech Social skills
What is gross motor- what are the milestones ?posture and locomotion lifting head in prone position (3mo) • turns from the prone to supine position (6mo) and inversely (7mo) • sitting while seated (6-7mo) • sitting up (8mo) • standing up (10mo) • walking with suport (10-11mo), on one’s own (12mo)
What is fine motor- what are the milestonesvisual-motor coordination Newborn: uncoordinated movements, infantile reflexes • 3 mo: fixing sight, following an object, own hands • 5 mo: grasping (ape-like grasp), rattling, manipulating with objects • 7 mo: scissor-like grasp, handling few objects, transferring from one hand to the other, anticipating where to fall when thrown 9 mo: pincer-like grasp, dynamic developement of manual skills 10-11 mo: can ‚draw’, build with blocks, tries to eat on one’s own
Describe physical development of 6 mths , 6 years child, use the chartsheight/length weight head circumference (equal with the chest at 6 month) chest circumference body proportions
Describe psychomotor development od 6 mths infant, 10 mths infant6 month -gross motor (turns from prone to supine position, sitting while seated) -fine motor (ape like grasp, manipulating objects) -speech (cooing) -social skills (distinguishes between familiar persons and strengers, recognizes mother ) 10 month -gross motor (standing up, starts walking with support) -fine motor (can draw, built blocks and eat on its oun) -speech (echolalia, speech understanding) -social skills (imitates other at play, gives toys)
What is the average head and chest circumference in full term new born, when do these circumferences become equal?Head 2cm larger at birth than chest (34cm 32 cm) equalls at 6 month
What are the methods of physical examination?inspection palpation percussion auscultation
What skin lesions can be found while examination ?Skin lesions -Primary morphology (macule, papule, plaque, vesicle, Petechiae, etrc.) -Secondary morphology (crust, scar, , erosion, et) Abnormalities: -pale, - grey, -cyanotic, -reddened, -yellow: jaudice ( orange shade in unconjugated hiperbilirubinemia, olive- in cholestatic jaudice -caroten pigmentation( absence of yellow colour on sclera ), -brown in adrenal dysfunction -mottled skin
Posture failure- give the examples, explainscoliosis kyphosis lordosis
What does it mean gross motor development, fine motor development-give the examplesgross motor - posture and locomotion (walking) fine motor -visual motor coordination (eating)
6 month infant girl weighs 7 kg, her length is 65 cm, head circumference is 40 cm chest circumference is 40 cm- assess physical development of this childthe chest to head circumference ratio is appropiate to age her weight is appropiate to age her length is appropiate to age
What is dyspnoea, what kinds od dyspnoea can be distinguished ?Dificulty in breathing Inspiratory - mild Expiratory - moderate Mixed - severe
What is proper heart rate/respiratory for neonate, infant, preschool child, school child?neonate 100-180 infant 110-160 preschool 90-140 school child 5-12yr 80-120 school child >12yr 60-100 60 neonate 30-40 preschool 15-20 above 12