| When do posterior and anterior fontanel close? | anterior: up to 18 months
posterior: within 8 weeks |
| Which cranial nerves are examined upon head examination | ocular
trigeminal
abducens
facial
trochlear |
| What does it mean facial dysmorphic features? | low-set ears,
hypotelorism or hypertelorism,
micrognathia or retrognathia,
frontal bossing,
sloping forehead |
| Describe the examination of eyes assuming that you found no abnormalites .Mention the following elements: | A. position (NO hypertelorism, NO endopthamus/exopthalmus, NO strabismus)
B. mobility (ocular movements, NO nystagmus)
C. eyelids (NO edema, eyelashes and brows look good, NO epicantic fold )
D. conjunctiva (NO change in colour, NO discharge)
E. sclera (if blue its normal, if yellow hyperbilirubinaemia)
F. pupils (NO coloboma, NO aniridia, dialated or narrowed) |
| 5.Describe the examination of oral cavity assuming that you found no abnormalites .Mention the following elements: | A. lips (colour, leasions, swelling, crcing in the corners, shape)
B. Oral cavity mucosa (colour, moisture, leasions, swelling)
C. teeth (number, cavity, carries, malocclusion, enamel, milky or permanent dentition)
D. toung (size, symetry, colour, mobility coating)
E. Throat (palatine arches, tonsils, posterior pharynx) |
| What abnormalities upon physical examination are found in middle ear infection? | Tympanic membrane bulging out during otoscopic examination.
Pain of mastoid process.
Pain when pressing the tragus. |
| What are the abnormalities concerning
A. shape and size of skull
B. tonsils
c. position of eyes
d. size and symmetry of pupils | A. shape and size of skull (microcephaly, macrocephaly, caput quadratum)
B. tonsils (asymetry, tonsilitis, white puss, red, hyperthrophy)
C. position of eyes (strabismus, exopthalmus, endopthalmus, hypertelorism)
D. size and symmetry of pupils (anisocoria, dyscoria) |
| Explain what is craniotabes? | Softness of scull (riket sign)
ping-pong ball sensation |
| Describe throat on the photographs below | 1. healthy throat
2. tonsilitis
3. pharyngitis |
| What are the signs on dehydration upon physical examination? | skin fold do not return to previous position at once
frontal fontnell is collapsed
decreased skin turgor
dry muscous membranes |
