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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
Which of the following is not a digestive accessory organ?	kidneys (something else
Which of these is not a major function of the digestive system?	Transportation of nutrition to the other organs
How many incisors are in each quarter of the mouth?	2
How many canines are in each quarter of the mouth?	1
How many molars are in each quarter of the mouth?	3
How many premolars are in each quarter of the mouth?	2
Mainly used to ingest animal matter (meat)?	Canine
Mainly used to ingest vegetable matter?	incisor
Includes the wisdom teeth?	molar
Teeth are imbedded in which bone?	all of these
Another term for cavities?	Caries
What is a small hole in the enamel called?	Dental caries
Which word root refers to teeth?	dont
The hardest, most superficial, tooth layer?	Crown
Bone-like structure of teeth?	dentin
Part of the tooth above the gumline?	Crown
Part of the tooth below the gumline?	root
Which ligament secures the tooth to the alveolar socket?	preiodontal
Contains nerves and blood vessels?	pulp
Another term for gums?	gingiva
Type of doctor you would go to for braces?	orthodontist
Type of doctor you would go to for a root canal?	endodontist
Type of doctor you would go to for gum diseases?	periodontist
Where does starch digestion begin?	mouth
What separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?	palate
What is the posterior extension of the soft palate called?	uvula
Connects the tongue to the roof of the mouth?	palatoglossal arch
Connects the pharynx to the roof of the mouth?	palatopharyngeal arch
Which nerve controls tongue movements?	hypoglossal
Attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth?	Lingual Frenulum
Which antibody is found in saliva?	IgA
The substrate for amylase is:	Starch
Another name for chewing food?	mastication
What is another term for “lips”?	Labia
What is the entry from the mouth to pharynx called?	Fauces
What is the fleshy, terminal portion of the soft palate called?	Uvula
The sublingual _______ are where sublingual secretions enter the mouth?	Caruncles
What is a small fold of tissue that secure the motion of a mobile organ?	Frenulum
What is the function of salivary amylase?	breaks down starch
What is the function of bicarbonate is saliva?	neutralizes acid
Another name for swallowing food?	deglutination
What is the name of food mixed with saliva that is swallowed?	Bolus
Which deglutition phase is somatic?	Buccal phase
Which deglutition phase is when the epiglottis covers the glottis?	pharyngeal phase
In which deglutition phase does peristalsis begin?	esophageal phase
Another name for the esophageal sphincter?	cardiac sphincter
The esophageal hiatus is an opening in which structure?	diaphragm
How many layers of muscles are in the esophagus?	3
Through which opening does the esophagus penetrate the diaphragm?	esophageal hiatus
Problems with the cardiac sphincter could cause:	GERD
The shortening of the esophagus causing the stomach being pulled into the thoracic cavity?	hiatat hernia
What is the muscular tube that leads from the throat to the stomach?	esophagus
The term for wavelike-muscle contractions to propel food through the digestive tract?	peristalsis
In which direction does the stomach lie?	left side
Where food enters the stomach?	cardia
Most affected by proton pump inhibitors?	parietal cells
Stomach cells that secrete hydrochloric acid?	parietal cells
Stomach cells that secrete pepsinogen?	chief cells
Where does protein digestion begin?	stomach
Which bacterium causes peptic ulcers?	Helicobacter pylori
Which enzyme is active in the stomach?	pepsin
The substrate for pepsin is:	protein
The top region of the stomach where gas accumulates?	Fundus
Where food leaves the stomach?	pylorus
The top of the stomach, furthest from the intestines?	fundus
This controls the rate at which chyme moves from the stomach to the intestines?	pyloric sphincter
This prevents stomach acids from entering the esophagus?	cardiac sphincter
What are the folds in the stomach wall that allows for expansion?	rugae
This term refers to a hole in the stomach wall created by stomach acids?	ulcer
Which of these are important in protecting the stomach against ulcers?	mucus
Where does fat digestion begin?	small intestine
The substrate for trypsin is:	protein
The substrate for chymotrypsin is:	protein
Which of these does not increase the surface area of the small intestines?	rugae
Which of these absorbs dietary fats?	lacteals
First section of the small intestines?	duodenum
Last section of the small intestines?	ileum
Receives bile?	duodenum
Receives chyme?	duodenum
Receives pancreatic juices?	duodenum
What are the finger-like projections of the small intestines called?	villi
Which of these absorbs nutrients from the small intestines?	superior mesenteric a
What are the intestinal associated lymphoid tissue called?	Peyer’s patches
This is a general term for bacteria that live in the large intestines?	enteric
If bacteria from the colon entered the abdominal cavity, this would result.	septic shock
Which of these prevents feces from the colon from entering the small intestines?	ileocecal valve
Receives juices from the small intestines?	cecum
Functions in vitamin absorption?	ascending colon
Functions in gas storage?	sigmoid colon
Functions in water reabsorption?	transverse colon
Functions in waste storage?	descending colon
What is the finger-like projection from the cecum called?	appendix
This enters the pelvic cavity	sigmoid colon
These muscles are used for bulk movement of fecal materials?	taeniae coli
Where is bile produced?	Liver
Where is bile stored?	gall bladder
What organ detoxifies absorbed materials?	Liver
What organ adjusts blood glucose levels?	liver
Attaches the stomach to the liver?	lesser omentum