| Stomach Grooves | Reticular Groove : extends from cardia to reticulo-omasal opening and is bounded by a right and left lip
Omasal Groove : between reticulo-omasal and Omaso-Abumasal opening forming a canal known as "Omasal canal " in the free border
Abomasal groove : found in lesser curvature of Abomasum |
| Multilocular Stomach Consists of : | 1st Three : Rumen, Reticulum, and Omasum ( Cutaneous or non-glandular mucous membrane )
Last : Abomasum or Proper stomach ( Lined with glandular mucous membrane) |
| Rumen | -Largest part of the Stomach
- Extends from Diaphragm cranially to the pelvic inlet caudally
- occupies left half of the abdominal cavity |
| Surfaces of Rumen | 1 Parietal Surface : related to left abdominal wall, Diaphragm, and spleen
2 Visceral Surface : Related to the omasum, abomasum, intestine, liver, and pancreas |
| Borders of Rumen | 1 Dorsal Curvature : Convex, related to left crus of diaphragm and sub lumbar muscles
2 Ventral Curvature : Convex , ventral wall of the abdomen |
| Surfaces and Borders | Rumen has 2 surfaces and 2 borders |
| Rumen Relations | Dorsally: Diaphragm and dorsal abdominal wall
ventrally: ventral abdominal wall
cranially: reticulum and diaphragm
caudally: pelvic inlet ( end of extension) |
| Surfaces of rumen ( Grooves and pillars ) | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA8n1Q7olvk
1 Ruminoreticula groove
2 left longitudinal groove and pillar
3 right longitudinal groove and pillar
(Right longitudinal groove with the right accessory groove surrounds an elongated bulge named insula ruminis)
4 left accessory groove and pillar
5 right accessory groove and pillar
6 cranial transverse groove and pillar
7 caudal transverse groove and pillar
8 left dorsal coronary groove and pillar
9 right dorsal coronary groove and pillar
10 left and right ventral groove and pillar
( left and right ventral coronary grooves divide the caudal part into 2 blind sacs) |
| Interior of Rumen | The rumen is lined with cutaneous mucous membrane, Has conical papillae with different sizes and degree of development --> Ruminal papillae |
| Reticulum | Second compartment of the stomach and is ball in shape |
| Position of Reticulum | it is intercalated between the diaphragm and ventral ruminal sac
Dorsally: Diaphragm
ventrally: Sternal part of diaphragm
left side: caudal part of diaphragm
cranially: Diaphragm
caudally: ruminal antrum |
| Interior of reticulum | The mucous membrane has reticular cells which are honeycomb in shape |
| Function of reticular cells | They recieve heavy metals and food and soften them |
| Openings of reticulum | 1 Rumeno-reticular
2 Reticulo-omasal |
| Omasum | Third compartment of stomach |
| Position of omasum | situated in the right hypochondriac region at the 7" -11" ribs |
| Relations of omasum | Cranially: diaphragm.
Caudally and dorsally: intestinal disc.
Ventrally: reticulum and abomasum.
Medially: ventral ruminal sac.
Laterally: liver and right abdominal wall. |
| Interior of the omasum | The mucous membrane is cutaneous |
| Omasal lamellae | Crescent folds of various sizes
They differentiate in size: small, medium, large
Arise from the inner surface of omasum |
| Number of Omasal lamina | Number of Omasal lamina is 100-130 in OX and 70-80 in sheep |
| Interlaminar space | Exists between Omasal Lamina |
| openings of omasum | 1 Reticulo-omasal
2 Omaso-Abumasal
bounded on both sides by two folds of mucous membrane
known as Omasal vela or vela abomasica |
| Abomasum | -It is the fourth part of the ruminant stomach
-lies on the abdominal floor
-located ventral to the omasum and extends caudally on
the right side of the rumen. |
| Curvatures of Abomasum | the greater curvature is directed ventrally and to the
lateral, while the lesser curvature faces to the opposite
direction. |
| Surfaces of Abomasum | the parietal surface is related to the abdominal
floor and the visceral one is related to the ventral ruminal
sac. |
| Parts of Abomasum (Fundic and pyloric) | the fundic part lies in the xiphoid region and the
narrow pyloric part is directed caudally and bends dorsally
at the right costal arch. |
| Relations of Abomasum | - Dorsally: ventral ruminal sac and omasum.
- Ventrally: ventral abdominal wall and costal arch.
- Cranially: the reticulum and liver.
- Caudally: intestine.
- Right side: the diaphragm and costal arch.
- Left side: ventral ruminal sac and left abdominal wall. |
| Openings of Abomasum | 1 Cardiac opening
2 Rumino-Reticulo opening : joins the rumen with reticulum, guarded ventrally by "rumino-reticular fold"
3 Reticulo-omasal opening
4 Omaso-Abumasal opening : flanked by a fold know as "Omasal vela"
5 Pyloric opening : between abomasum and duodenum, at which the torus pylorus is found |
| Stomach of Camel | compound multilocular stomach and has four compartments:
rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. |
| Rumen of Camel | EXTERNALLY:
It is divided by a deep transverse groove into
small cranioventral sac and large caudodorsal sac.
من بره بيبقى مقسوم عن طريق ترانسفيرس جروف
1 Cranioventral sac extends cranially and flattened dorsally , Craniodorsal sac have glandular surfaces ( او الغدد)
2 Caudodorsal sac is large and balloon-like . at it's surface, there's a shallow groove that contains the "left ruminal vessels"
-Spleen is attached to the caudodorsal surface
INTERNALLY:
The ruminal Mucosa is cutaneous mucous membrane , has no ruminal papillae but it's smooth
-Thick muscular pillar corresponds to the transverse groove
-corresponding to the sacculation , a pocket like cells called ruminal cells (water sac) are present
RUMINAL CELLS :
-Have glandular mucous membrane at its bottom and gives mucous secretion for liquification of the food
-Have primary, secondary, and tertiary ridges at right angle |
| Reticulum of Camel | Bean-shaped , has 2 extremities:
1 right one : attached to rumen
2 left one : attached to omasum
INTERNALLY
has 12 circular and parallel ridges contains in between "reticular cells"
RETICULAR CELLS
- Divided by secondary and tertiary ridges into smaller parts
- Lined by glandular m.m at the walls and bottoms |
| Omasum of Camel | Long and Sausage shaped
-Its m.m is lined into 50 longitudinal folds .
-some of these folds continue along the entire length of the omasum
-Numerous small oblique folds occur on the floor
between longitudinal folds.
- There is no change in the appearance of the mucous
membrane at the omaso-Abomasal junction |
| Abomasum of Camel | It's a short compartment,
- The boundaries between omasum and abomasum is
not obvious externally
بيبقي شكلهم متصلين ببعض سطحيا
-it expands to form a prominent dorsal convexity
towards the pylorus (bulbous pylorus part).
- Large torus pylori along the lesser curvature at the
pyloric sphincter to support its weakness.
- The m.m of the fundic region showed convoluted folds
parallel to the greater curvature while the pyloric part
has a smooth surface |
