| deep angry sound | growl,_,The dog let out a menacing growl. |
| a very short high noise or cry | squeak,_,The mouse's high-pitched squeak alerted her to its presence in the room. |
| the side to side movement of a dog's tail | wag,_,When I return home, the wag of my dog's tail is a pleasing sight. |
| to develop and change gradually over a long period of time | evolve,_,The idea evolved from work done by British scientists. |
| a type of animal that drinks milk from its mother’s body when it is young | mammal,_,Humans, dogs, and whales are mammals. |
| for this reason | hence,_,The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. Hence factory location is an important consideration. |
| to make someone less angry or stop them from attacking you by giving them what they want | appease,_,They attempted to appease international opposition by promising to hold talks. |
| if you retract something that you said or agreed, you say that you did not mean it | retract,_,He confessed to the murder but later retracted his statement. |
| not easy to notice or understand unless you pay careful attention | subtly,_,The sauce had a subtly different taste from the previous one. |
| to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way | perceive,_,Often what is perceived to be aggression is simply fear. |
| the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities | symbolism,_,The song is full of symbolism. |
| a story, name, word etc that is made-up is not true or real | made-up,_,She used a made-up name. |
| based on a situation that is not real, but that might happen | hypothetical,_,Brennan brought up a hypothetical case to make his point. |
| to happen in a particular way, or to have a particular result, especially one that you did not expect | turn out,_,It was a difficult time, but eventually things turned out all right. |
| someone’s version of an event is their description of it, when this is different from the description given by another person | version,_,Could Donna’s version of what happened that night be correct? |
| a hard dry type of bread in small flat shapes, that is often eaten with cheese | cracker,_,She offered cheese and crackers at the end of the meal. |
| the number of radio waves, sound waves etc that pass any point per second | frequency,_,This station broadcasts on three different frequencies. |
| behaving in an angry threatening way, as if you want to fight or attack someone | aggressive,_,Teachers apparently expect a certain amount of aggressive behaviour from boys. |
| angry and deliberately unfriendly towards someone, and ready to argue with them | hostile,_,Carr wouldn’t meet Feng’s stare, which was openly hostile. |
| polite behaviour that shows that you respect someone and are therefore willing to accept their opinions or judgment | deference,_,Lewis was annoyed that Adam did not show enough respect and deference to him. |
| to become or to make something smaller in amount, size, or value | shrink,_,The city continued to shrink. |
| a hole or space inside something | cavity,_,Put herbs inside the body cavity of the fish. |
| a meaning etc that is slightly different from other ones | shades,_,There is room in the Democratic Party for many shades of opinion. |
| a substance used in making gunpowder | saltpetre,_,The recipe uses saltpetre and sugar. |
| a powder that is eaten as a sweet | sherbet,_,As a child, she used to love sherbet sweets. |
| the quality of having a delicious taste | lusciousness,_,The lusciousness of the cream pudding ended the meal beautifully. |
| promotional films, events etc advertise something | promotional,_,They made a promotional video to send to potential sponsors. |
| to give money to a sports event, theatre, institution etc, especially in exchange for the right to advertise | sponsor,_,The competition was sponsored by British Airways. |
| something that someone expects or asks you to do for them, which is not convenient for you | imposition,_,I know it’s an imposition, but could I use your bathroom? |
| used to say that something will happen or be true if something else does not happen or is not true | unless,_,Unless some extra money is found, the theatre will close. |
| used when saying what bad thing will happen if something is not done | otherwise,_,Put your coat on, otherwise you’ll get cold. |
| used to say that something will only be possible if something else happens or is done | provided,_,He can come with us, provided he pays for his own meals. |
| used when talking about a possible condition or situation, and then imagining the result | supposing,_,Supposing it really is a fire! |
| as a way of being safe from something that might happen or might be true | in case of,_,Take an umbrella in case it rains. |
| to make it possible for someone to experience new ideas, ways of life etc | expose,_,Some children are never exposed to classical music. |
| if something or someone lives up to a particular standard or promise, they do as well as they were expected to, do what they promised etc | live up to,_,The film has certainly lived up to my expectations. |
| someone who answers questions, especially in a survey | respondent,_,Only 62 percent of respondents said they were satisfied. |
| a remark or action that is offensive or deliberately rude | insult,_,She was shouting insults at her boyfriend. |
| a contradiction in terms is a combination of words that seem to be the opposite of each other, with the result that the phrase has no clear meaning | contradiction,_,Permanent revolution’ is a contradiction in terms. |
| in spite of something | notwithstanding,_,Notwithstanding differences, there are clear similarities in all of the world’s religions. |
| to talk to someone in a way which seems friendly but shows that you think they are not as intelligent or do not know as much as you | patronise,_,The program focuses on kids’ interests without patronising them. |
| to formally ask someone to write an official report, produce a work of art for you etc | commission,_,The report was commissioned by the Welsh Office. |
| a way of selling products to people in which you telephone people to see if they want to buy something | telemarketing,_,He works for a telemarketing company. |
| something that is given away free, especially something that a shop gives you when you buy a product | giveaway,_,She has an amazing ability to find all the promotional items and giveaways in town and saves a fortune. |
| an amount of money that is given to someone by an educational organization to help pay for their education | scholarship,_,She won a scholarship to Iowa State University. |
| the crime of stealing things from shops, for example by hiding them in a bag or under your clothes | shoplifting,_,She had been falsely accused of shoplifting in a clothing store. |
| the ability to understand other people’s feelings and problems | empathy,_,She had great empathy with people. |
| the state of being able to have or do anything you want | overindulgence,_,Her overindulgence has led to huge debts. |
| a book about a city, country etc | guidebook,_,She always carried a guidebook with her when she travelled. |
| information from a computer that is printed out onto paper, or the printed papers themselves | hard copy,_,I always keep hard copies of the invoices. |
