| Order of memory | Sensory> STM> LTM |
| describe declarative memory | LTM for events & facts
conscious recollection
impaired amnesiacs |
| describe non declarative memory | reflected through skills & change in beh.
no conscious recollection
preserved in amnesiacs |
| neurological evidence for amnesia | Henry Molasion- selective memory impairments
removed some medial left temporal lobe
severe amnesia
remember events before surgery
had STM
no declarative memory
no new LTM |
| Serial position curve | 1. words at beginning of list remembered well= in LTM
2. middle words not remembered
3. end words remembered as in STM |
| spacing effect | memory of info better when not spaced out
no massed, long periods |
| levels of processing | Craik & Lockhart
make info meaningful= more memorable
richer processing |
| expecting teaching effect | memory better when having to teach it to other
pps taught about Crimean war
either tested or have to teach it to others
recall better when teaching |
| retrieval based memory | read notes, go back, re read notes |
| forgetting curve | pattern, forget rapidly at start
then slowly forget |
| permastore | permanently frozen polar regions
good stable LTM
amount of info in permastore= how good info was learned
memory= subject to reconstruction
cause distortions |
| Bartlett & 'war of ghosts' | reconstructive memory
info passed culture to culture
pps recall story not word for word
reconstruct details based off their expectations & schema |
| conventionalism | canoes became boats |
| transformation | changing details that don't make sense |
| omission | leaving out details |
| commission | making up new details |
| what is schema? | using past to deal with new experiences
stored frameworks of knowledge about topic
'scripts & frames'= specific types of schema |
| what is the function of schema? | categorise new instance of events
guide to interpretation |
