| What are some ways to speed up a reaction? | heat it, stir it, increase concentration, smaller particle size, increase pressure |
| What does hydrogen peroxide turn into? | water and oxygen |
| How would you make hydrogen peroxide speed up it's reaction? | Add manganese dioxide or crushed grape cells |
| What is a catalyst? | A chemical used to speed up a reaction but is itself not used up. |
| What is an enzyme? | A biological catalyst |
| How did tangerine cells speed up the reaction of hydrogen peroxide? | it acted as an enzyme |
| What enzyme is found in tangerine cells (and all other living cells) and speeds up the reaction of hydrogen peroxide? | catalase |
| What does the suffix ase mean? | it is an enzyme |
| Why are enzymes required? | To speed up biological reactions without making them go too fast. They keep us alive. |
| What does it mean by enzymes are specific? | enzymes are different and do different jobs |
| What is a degradation reaction? | a breaking down reaction |
| What is a synthesis reaction? | a building up reaction |
| Describe what happens in a degradation reaction? | An enzyme takes a substrate in and makes an enzyme-substrate complex. At the end, you have an unchanged enzyme and the products |
| Describe what happens in a synthesis reaction? | An enzyme takes in substrates and makes an enzyme-substrate complex. At the end, you have the unchanged enzyme and a product. |
| Do enzymes and their substrate(s) fit well together? What is the term to describe this? | yes, perfectly - their shapes are complementary |
| How are enzymes specific? | enzymes fit only one type of substrate therefore they can only catalyse one reaction |
| What are enzymes made of? | proteins |
| Where are the instructions for making enzymes kept? | in the DNA in the form of genes in the nucleus |
| What is the active site? | The part of the enzyme that fits the shape of the substrate |
| What is the substrate and products of catalase? | hydrogen peroxide, water and oxygen |
| What is the substrate and products of amylase? | starch, maltose sugar |
| What is the substrate and products of pepsin? | protein, peptides then amino acids |
| What is the substrate and products of trypsin? | protein, peptides and amino acids |
| What is the substrate and products of phosphorylase? | glucose-1-phosphate, starch |
| What is the substrate and products of lipase? | fat, glycerol and fatty acids |
| What is different about phosphorylase compared to enzymes like catalase, amylase and pepsin? | phosphorylase is a synthesis reaction - meaning it takes something small and builds it up rather than taking something big and braking it down |
| Describe how phosphorylase works in the growing of potatoes? | potato plant leaves photosynthesise to create sugars, these sugars are transported to the roots, phosphorylase then turns the sugars into starchy potatoes |
