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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
prokaryoteno nucleus & no membrane bound organelles
eukaryotemembrane bound organelles & nucleus
organellesnucleus, mitochondria, e.r, chloroplast, golgi, vacuole, lysosome; make cell efficient by adding a membrane
all cells havedna, ribosomes, cell membrane, cytosol (liquid that all chemical reactions and cell components are suspended in)
efficiencyhigh surface area to volume ratio (small cells)
why are cells different?they make different proteins in ribosomes
how do organelles make cells efficientmake cells efficient by adding membrane
(structure) phospholipid bilayer/plasma membranephosphate (polar) lipid (nonpolar)
(function) selectively permeableallows passage of certain molecules based on structure (oxygen, nutrients, waste)
isn't connect; free to movephospholipid bilayer
protein channeltypes of protein channels determines what it lets in; makes more protein channels if it needs to
waterholds cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer) together
plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer)selectively permeable
nucleusgenetic instructions are housed here (DNA)
ribosomes (not an organelle)produce proteins in cytosol (free) or the outside of the ER or nuclear envelope (bound)
mitochondriareleases energy (atp) after taking in sugar; change energy from one form to another; has 2 membrane to increase surface area (increase efficiency)
chloroplastsphotosynthesis/store energy; change energy from one form to another
golgipackage and modify (may add molecules to make final functional state)
lysosomescontains hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down substances (macromolecules)
centriolesneeded for mitosis/meiosis
cell fractionationtakes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another; enables scientists to determine functions of organelles
Blood (top to bottom)Plasma (water, ions, sugar, CO2) White blood cell Red Blood Cell (most dense)
where is gravity on the space station?on the outside
what do phospholipids selectively choose? (property)first big or small (small) small: oxygen, co2, water, salt big: sugar, hormones, proteins, amino acids big molecules use protein channel NONPOLAR HYDROPHOBIC can pass through
why are plant cells efficient?plant cells have no surface area in vacuole
not membrane boundribosome
types of domainsprokaryote vs. eukaryote
types of kingdomsanimal, plant, archaebacteria, eubacteria, fungi, protist
identifying using microscopeslook for ones by themselves
staphyloclump
chainstrepto
circlescocci
rodsbicillis
histone proteinsincreases surface area and allows for reading of any section (chromatin)
free ribosomesfreely float around in cytosol
attached ribosomesbound to outside of endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope
endomembrane system (similar to essay)creates modifies and transports proteins; made of phospholipids; nucleus, er, golgi, lysosome, vacuole, vesicles, plasma membrane
smooth ERmakes lipids (hydrophobic)
rough ERhas ribosomes on the surface; makes proteins (hydrophilic)
liticto break down
glycoprotein(cell ID) identifies; ex: bacteria cells don't have same ___ as your cell
microfilament (support beams)structural; flexible; gives cells shape
microtubuleshollow tubes; thicker; transports things (motor proteins walk on it)
open enduglena
cilliaparamecium
vacuolesstorage; pump excess water out of the cells (contractile-freshwater protists); hold organic compounds and water (central)
cell wallfound in plants and prokaryotes; protects, maintains shape, prevents excess water uptake
extracellular matrixenvironment outside of the cell
plasmodesmataplants; connects cytoplasm
tightkeeps something inside; prevents leakage of extracellular fluid (epithelial tissues that line organs); force things (bladder)
desmosomeshold tissues together (skin, heart, muscles); things can freely pass through
vesiclemembrane bound sack that stores and transports substances