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level: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF DRUGS PART 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF DRUGS PART 2

Question	Answer
Synthetic antibiotic in which the beta lactam ring is not infused with another ring to avoid the effects of penicillinase	Monobactam
Monobactam examples	Aztreonam
They have low toxicity and they don’t have any cross sensitivity with penicillin Effective for gram-negative bacteria only, including Pseudomonas spp, E. coli. And Neisseria	Aztreonam
Beta lactam ring replaces the sulfur atoms with carbon atoms	Carbapenems
In carbapenems, the carbon atom is cleaved by ___	dehydropeptidase
Examples of carbapenem drugs	1 Thienamycin 2 Meropenem 3 Imipenem (BROAD SPECTRUM)
Enzyme found in the kidney Responsible for degrading the antibiotic Imipenem, Thienamycin, Meropenem	Dehydropeptidase
To protect Thienamycin, Meropenem, Imipenem with dehydropeptidase, they are combined with	Cilastatin
They have beta lactam ring attached to dihydrothiazine ring They differ from other inhibitors of cell wall because they are resistant to penicillinase and more effective against gram negative bacteria than penicillin	Cephalosporins
The nucleus of cephalosporin is called	Aminocephalosporanic acid
What drug cant be taken with alcoholic drinks? Because if combined, it will cause __	Cephalosporins, Disulfiram like reaction
Major hangover symptoms Nausea, vomiting, flashing, dizziness, throbbing headache, chest and abdominal discomfort	Disulfiram reaction
1st Generation Cephalosporin	1 Cephalexin 2 Cephradine 3 Cefadroxil 4 Cephapirin 5 Cefazolin
2nd Generation Cephalosporin	1 Cefaclor 2 Loracarbef 3 Cefprozil 4 Cefamandole 5 Cefonicid 6 Ceforanide 7 Cefoxitin 8 Cefotetan 9 Cefmetazole 10 Cefuroxime 11 Cefpodoxime
3rd Generation Cephalosporin	1 Cefixime 2 Cefoperazone 3 Cefotaxime 4 Ceftibuten 5 Ceftizoxime 6 Ceftriaxone 7 Ceftazidime 8 Moxolactam
4th & 5th Generation Cephalosporin	4th Gen Cefepime Cefpirome 5th Gen Ceftaroline Ceftobipole
Usually recommended particularly for the treatment of Urinary tract infections	Cephalexin
Most common in 3rd gen cephalosporin	Cefixime (Orally)
Polypeptide Antibiotics types	1 Bacitracin 2 Vancomycin 3 Teixobactin
they inhibit mucopeptide cell wall synthesis of gram positive bacteria	Bacitracin
Given as the last line of antibiotic defense for the treatment of staph that are resistant to other antibiotics A glycopeptide type Penicillinase resistant and effective against gram positive bacteria	Vancomycin
MRSA has led to the appearance of another resistant type called	Vancomycin resistant enteroccoci or VRE
This is the drug of choice for pseudomembranous colitis caused by clyndamycin	Vancomycin
If there is a rapid infusion of vancomycin it will cause __. To prevent this, the patient is given __ and slow IV infusion	Redman’s Syndrome, diphenhydramine
__ represents a new class of antibiotics called __	Teixobactin, Acyldepsipeptide
Teixobactin is produced by a soil bacterium called __	Eleftheria terrae