You are in browse mode. You must login to use MEMORY

level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
phase of cell growth & development before division	Interphase
either Mitosis or Meiosis	Division
division and asexual cloning of cells	Mitosis
division of cells in reproductive organs in order to create the sex cells needed for sexual reproduction	Meiosis
normal everyday body cells which have chromosomes in homologous pairs of two. (“Di” means two.)	Somatic Diploid Cells (2N)
structures of condensed DNA	Chromosomes
chromosomes from your mom and dad that carry similar genes and are the same size (Remember, “Hom” means same or similar)	Homologous
the symbol for diploid cells, where “N” represents the number of chromosomes in a single set from one parent in a particular organism	2N
a buildup of cells as a result of multiple mutations causing cells to divide uncontrollably and not die when they should	Tumors
non-cancerous, slow growing, doesn’t damage surrounding tissue, doesn’t spread, usually doesn’t come back, BUT can turn malignant	Benign Tumor
cancerous, fast growing, damages surrounding tissue, spreads throughout the body, often comes back because it can be hard to treat all mutated cells after spreading	Malignant Tumor
Interphase - phase before division where the cell grows, develops and replicates all of its DNA chromosomes into identical twin “_________” so when the cell divides, each new cell doesn’t end up with half the required amount of DNA	Sister Chromatids
Sister Chromatids become visible because nucleus breaks down	Prophase
Sister Chromatids meet in the middle	Metaphase
Sister Chromatids are moved apart by Spindle Fibers made by Centrosomes organelles	Anaphase
two new nuclei form around each cluster of chromosomes	Telophase
cell’s cytoplasm pinches in half forms 2 new identical twin “Daughter Cells”	Cytokinesis
Begins with a 46 chromosome Diploid (2N) cell Asexual Reproduction (cloning) One round division Produces 2 twin diploid Daughter Cells	Mitosis IH
Begins with a 46 chromosome Diploid (2N) cell in reproductive organs Sexual Reproduction Two round division Produces 4 unique Haploid (N) Gamete sex cells with 23 chromosomes	Meiosis IH
two round division of a somatic diploid cell in our reproductive organs resulting in four sex cells to make a “mini me” baby	Meiosis
Round _ Interphase Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I & Cytokinesis	1
Round _ NO Interphase Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II & Cytokinesis	2
Meiosis Round I phase before division where the cell grows, develops and replicates all of its DNA chromosomes into identical twin “Sister Chromatids”	Interphase
Prophase I appear because nucleus breaks down - each tetrad consists of homologous pairs of Sister Chromatids, one pair from mom and one from dad	Tetrads
Prophase I occurs - pieces of DNA are exchanged among each tetrad forming new unique & diverse chromosomes	Crossing Over
Metaphase I Tetrads meet in the ____	middle
Anaphase I Tetrads are pulled ____ by Spindle Fibers made by Centrosomes organelles	apart
Telophase I ___ new nuclei form around each cluster of chromosomes	two
Cytokinesis I ______ pinches in half forming 2 new cells that are completely different from each other and its parent	Cytoplasm
A new nucleus forms around each cluster of chromosomes Cytoplasms pinch in half to form four unique, diverse sex cells called gametes	Telophase 2 Cytokinesis 2
Haploid sex cells (sperm and egg)	Gametes
contain half the # of chromosomes as Diploid (2N) cells (chromosomes are not in pairs)	Haploid Cells (N)
“N” - symbol for Haploid cells, where “N” is the individual number of ______ in a cell	chromosomes