level: eukaryotes pt 1
Questions and Answers List
definitions and properties
level questions: eukaryotes pt 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| golgi body | modifies and transports molecules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| eukaryotes | true nucleus they can be multicellular or unicellular and are 1000-10000* larger than prokaryotes all cells of higher organisms and microbial species which coexist and interact in a cooperative manner |
| multicellular | consists of numerous cells with varied functions |
| unicellular | all cells have the same range of functions |
| plasma membrane | lipid/protein/carbohydrate complex covered by cell wall thin in animal cells, thick in plant cells provides a barrier and gives support and signalling systems |
| cytoplasm | semi-fluid |
| cytoskeleton | microfilaments and microtubules that suspend organelles, give shape, and allow motion |
| nucleus | double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus pores allow specific communication controls catalytic activity of ribosomes DNA kept inside nucleus for protection (damage results in death or mutation) |
| nucleolus | site of RNA synthesis making up the ribosome |
| mitochondria | surrounded by double membrane with cristae energy is produced via metabolism using oxygen contains its own DNA, believed to have originated as a captured bacterium |
| cristae | a series of folds |
| chloroplasts (plastids) | surrounded by a double membrane containing stacked thylakoid membranes responsible for photosynthesis and the trapping of light energy for the synthesis of sugars contains DNA believed to have originated as a captured bacterium found in phototrophic cells (not in animals) |
| lysosymes | a membrane bound organelle responsible for degrading proteins / membranes in the cell and degrading materials ingested by the cell |
| ribosomes | small organelles that synthesise protein |
| vacuoles | membrane-surrounded 'bags' that contain water and storage materials found in phototrophic cells |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | a complex network of membranes that provides a transport system within the cell |
| smooth ER | site of lipid formation site where cells detoxify poisons (liver cells) |
| rough ER | site of protein formation and transport studded with ribosomes |