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level: Level 4 (PHENOLS) SLIDE 33

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 4 (PHENOLS) SLIDE 33

Question	Answer
__ is defined as the ratio of a dilution of a given test disinfectant to the dilution of phenol that is required to kill a strain of __ under carefully controlled time and temperature.	Phenol coefficient, Salmonella typhi
1 Phenol coefficient of Phenol is __ If dilution of a test disinfectant is 10-fold greater than the dilution of phenol, the phenol coefficient is __	1, 10
In Phenol, 1 Substitution with __ (para position) groups increases bactericidal activity. 2 __ groups increases –cidal activity more than __ groups. 3 __ and __ are less toxic than the parent compounds while retaining –cidal properties.	1 alkyl, aryl and halogen 2 Straight chain alkyl, branched 3 Alkylated phenols, resorcinol
1 Phenol at low concentrations: 2 Phenol at higher concentrations:	1 denature bacterial proteins 2 lysis of bacterial cell membranes.
Phenol Characteristics	1 Colorless to pale pink crystalline 2 Medicinal odor 3 Soluble, 1 to 15 parts water 4 Soluble in alcohol (In methanol and salol (phenyl salicylate))
Phenol is also known as __	Carbolic acid
Phenol Uses:	1 Germicidal (Protoplasmic poison) 2 Exerts local anesthetic effect It is caustic to skin Must be diluted to avoid tissue destruction and dermatitis
1 Phenols are used as __ in 1867 by Lister 2 Phenols is used as antipruritic in __ 3 Phenols used to cauterize small wounds	1 Surgical antiseptic 2 Phenolated calamine lotion (0.1%-1% concentration) 3 4% solution in glycerin
Phenol containing 10% water Not used in fixed oils or liquid petrolatum: immiscible with lipophilic ointment base	LIQUIFIED PHENOL
Used in combination with camphor in liquid petrolatum External antiseptic and anti- irritant Phenol coefficient is about 4	P- CHLOROPHENOL
Non-irritating antiseptic agent Broad antibacterial and antifungal properties Market: 2% conc in shampoo Topical: tinea (ringworm) infections; athlete’s foot (tinea pedis) and jock itch ( tinea cruris)	P- CHLORO-M-XYLENOL BN: PC-MX; Metasep
White to light-tan crystalline powder Insoluble in water, sol in alcohol and most organic solvent Increased degree of chlorination, increases antiseptic potency banned by FDA, OTC	HEXACHLOROPHENE BN: Gamophen, Surgicon, pHisoHex
1 HEXACHLOROPHENE uses in topical 2 HEXACHLOROPHENE 2%-3% concentration uses 3 HEXACHLOROPHENE in gram type bacteria 4 Has __ effect after oral and parenteral administrations	1 Prolonged antiseptic effects 2 soaps, detergent creams, lotions and shampoo 3 effective in gram +, resistant to gram - 4 Systemic toxic
1960s and 1970s: Hexachlorophene has __ in infants bathed with it, and in burn patient	neurotoxicity
1 Brand name for P- CHLORO-M-XYLENOL 2 Brand name for HEXACHLOROPHENE	1 PC-MX; Metasep 2 Gamophen, Surgicon, pHisoHex
Mixture of 3 isomeric methylphenols Yellow to brownish yellow liquid Odor: creosote Obtained by coal tar or petroleum by alkaline extraction into aq. Medium, acidification and fractional distillation Inexpensive antiseptic and disinfectant Phenol coefficient: 2.5 Sparingly sol in water Alcohols and other org solvents will solubilize it Drawback is unpleasant in odor	CRESOL
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol Colorless crystals Slightly sol in water Low conc: preservative	CHLOROCRESOL
Oil of Thymus vulgaris (thyme, mint family) Partitioning into alkaline aq medium ff by acidification Crystals from mother liquor: large, colorless, thyme like odor Slightly sol in water, extremely sol in alcohols and org solvents	THYMOL
1 Thymol other name 2 CHLOROCRESOL other name	1) Isopropyl m- cresol 2) 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
1 Thymol has __ properties Also used in alcohol solution and in dusting powders for the treatment of __	1 Mild fungicidal 2 tinea (ringworm) infections.
4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol Obtained from clove oil Pale-yellow liquid with strong aroma of clove Pungent taste Only slightly soluble in water, miscible with alcohol and org solvents Used in mouthwashes of antiseptic and pleasant taste	EUGENOL
1 Eugenol uses 2 Eugenol is Directly applied on a piece of cotton relieve __ 3 Eugenol phenol coefficient	1) Local anesthetic and antiseptic 2) toothaches 3) 14.4
m- Dihydroxybenzene (resorcin), prep synthetically Cystallizes as white needles or as amorphous powder that is sol in water and alcohol Light sensitive and oxidizes readily, store in tight, light-resistant containers Less stable in sol, @ alkaline pH	RESORCINOL
Only weak antiseptic (phenol coefficient is 0.4) ointments: 1%-3% Pastes: 10%-20% Skin conditions: ringworm, eczema, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis Keratolytic agent: causes the stratum corneum of skin to slough, opening the barrier to penetration for antifungal agents.	RESORCINOL
1 Thymol other names 2 Eugenol other names 3 Resorcinol other names	1) Isopropyl m- cresol 2) 4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol 3) m-Dihydroxybenzene (resorcin)
White crystalline substance with a faint phenolic odor Applied in tongue: sensation of numbness Freely soluble in alcohol, only slightly sol in water(1-20,000 parts) Effective antiseptic: bactericidal and fungicidal	HEXYLRESORCINOL
1 Hexylresorcinol other names	1 4-Hexylresorcinol, Hexylresorcin
1 Hexylresorcin Phenol Coefficient __ 2 Hexylresorcin properties __ 3 Hexylresorcin Uses __	1) 98 2 Surfactant 3 Local anesthetic activity Uses as throat lozenges