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level: HALOGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS (SLIDE 59)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: HALOGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS (SLIDE 59)

Question	Answer
1) 2% iodine in 50% alcohol w/ NaI 2) 5% iodine in water with KI 3) 2% iodine in water with NaI	1 Iodine tincture 2 Strong iodine sol (Lugol’s solution) 3 Iodine solution
Iodine salt is admixed to increase the solubility of the iodine and to reduce its volatility Most effective and useful germicides MOA: inactivate proteins by iodination of aromatic residues (phenylalanyl and tyrosyl) and oxidation (sulfhydryl groups)	IODOPHORS
Betadine, Isodine, Polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP]-iodine) Charge-transfer complex of iodine with nonionic surfactant PVP Complex: water soluble, releases iodine slowly Nontoxic, nonvolatile, nonstaining, non irritating	POVIDONE-IODINE
Used as an aqueous solution for presurgical disinfection of the incision site Used to treat infected wounds and damage to the skin Local bacterial and fungal infections	POVIDONE-IODINE
1 Used in the disinfection of water supplies 2 active germicidal species formed when Cl is dissolved in water 3 first inorganic hypochlorite salts	1 CHLORINE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS MOA: Chlorination of amide nitrogen atoms and oxidation of sulfhydril groups in proteins. 2 Hypochlorous acid (HClO) 3 NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2
P- Dichlorosulfamoylbenzoic acid White, crystalline, photosensitive compund with a faint chlorine odor Only slightly sol in water at pH 7 Very soluble in alkaline solutions Sodium salt is used to disinfect drinking water.	HALAZONE
Quaternary ammonium compounds Always ionized in water and exhibit surface active properties	CATIONIC SURFACTANTS MOA: dissolution of surfactant into the microbial cell membrane, destabilization, and lysis.
CATIONIC SURFACTANTS 2 MOIETIES:	1 Cationic head, high affinity for water 2 Long hydrocarbon tail, affinity for lipids and nonpolar solvents
Cationic surfactants Disadvantage	1 Soaps and detergents inactivates it 2 Tissude debris, blood, pus, serum reduce effectiveness 3 Adsorbed by glass, talc and kaolin 4 Harbor infectious microorganism if reused
Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride ( Zephiran) White gel, sol in water, alcohol, org solvents Aq solutions: colorless, slightly alkaline and very foamy Detergent, emulsifier, wetting agent	BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE
BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE Other name	Zephiran
BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE RATIO 1 antiseptic to skin and mucous membrane 2 irrigation 3 storage of surgical instruments 4 added as a preservative	1) 1:750 to 1:20,000 2) 1:20,000 to 1:40,000 3) 1:750 to 1:5,000 4) 0.5% NaNO3
BN: Diaparene Tx of diaper rash in infants caused by Candida albicans, produces ammonia General antiseptic	METHYLBENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE
Phemerol chloride Colorless scrustalline powder that is soluble in water, alcohol and org solvents 1:750: skin antiseptics 1:5,000 solution is used	BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE
1-Hexadylpyridinium chloride White powder that is very soluble in water and alcohol The quaternary nitrogen atom is a member of an aromatic pyrimidine ring.	CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE
Most active in alkylpyridinium compounds Used as general antiseptic, irrigation of mucous membrane Available in throat lozenges and mouthwash	CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE
BN: Hibiclens ,6-Di(4’-chlorphenylguanido) hexane gluconate Most effective series of antibacterial biguanides dev. From Great Britain Studied for antimalarial agent> antimicrobial properties	CHLORHEXIDINE CHLORIDE