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level: General Idea

Questions and Answers List

level questions: General Idea

Question	Answer
Flavonoid biologic activities	antiviral, antifungal and anti-inflammatory
give an intense red or violet color after boiling the acid-treated extract for sometime.	Leucoanthocyanins
An orange-red to blue-red upon boiling indicates the presence of	Anthocyanins
1 a type of secondary metabolite providing antioxidant roles in plants. It belongs to the subgroup of polyphenols called flavonoids.	1 Catechin
Test for presence of gamma benzopyrone nucleus	Wilstatter "cyanidin" test
yellow, green pigments	Rutin & quercitin
Vitamin P (bleeding, common for hemmorhoids, BN: Dafflon)	Rutin and hesperidin
1 (for memory) 2 milk of thristle (for liver failure)	1 Ginkgo biloba E 2 Silybium Marianum
Flavonoids are abundant in plants, in which they perform several functions. They are essential pigments for producing the colors needed to attract pollinating insects. In higher order plants, flavonoids are also required for UV filtration, nitrogen fixation, cell cycle inhibition, and as chemical messengers. Flavonoids are important antioxidants and promote several health effects, and it can also produce other beneficial effects such as anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic.	.
was first applied to plant constituents capable of combining with proteins of animal hides, preventing their putrefaction and converting them into leather. widely distributed in many species of plants, where they play a role in protection from predation (including as pesticides) and might help in regulating plant growth.	tannins
Tannins uses	tanning leather, dyeing fabric, making ink, and in various medical applications.
1 formerly known as pyrogallol tannins are phenolic compounds united to glucose units by ester linkages. 2 sometimes called catechol tannins, are polymers phenolic compounds related to flavonoid pigments.	1 hydrolysable tannins 2 condensed tannins
On treatment with acid, condensed tannins are decomposed into red insoluble compounds known as __	phlobaphene or tannin reds.
Tannins characteristics	-forms colloidal solutions with water, -non-crystallizable, -possess astringent or puckering taste -carcinogenic found in wood, bark, leaves & fruits colloidal sol in water non-crystalline soluble in water insoluble in inorganic solvent
1 can cause oral & esophageal cancer 2 used to assess the tanning properties of a compound - diff. tannins from from polyphenolic compounds	1 areca catechu 2 Gold Beater Test