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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits from the activity of the other. CooperationMutualistic–
-blocks binding sites keeps it from being activeNeutralization-
-mechanisms that either keep pathogens out or destroy them regardless of their typeNon-specific defenses
causing developments of a tumor or tumorONCOGENIC
a unit made up of linked genes that is thought to regulate other genes responsible for protein synthesisOPERON
causes disease when the host's defenses are compromised and when they become established in a part of the body that is natural to themOPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN
the movement of water from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membraneOsmosis
cells of a chain remain partially attached and fold back, creating a side by side row of cellspalisade
- the spread of an epidemic across continentspandemic
is a non-mutual symbiotic relationship between species, where one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host.parasitism
partial sterilization of a substance and especially a liquid (as milk) at a temperature and for a period of exposure that destroys objectionable organisms without major chemical alteration of the substancepasteurization-
any agent such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or helminth that causes diseasepathogen
found in the cell walls of most bacteria, unique macromolecule composed of glycan chains cross linked with short peptide fragmentsPeptidoglycan-
- A combining form meaning a thing that devoursPhage-
clear, well defined patches in the cell sheetPlaque-
total number of existing cases with respect to the entire populationPrevalence-
common feature of spongiform encephalopathies, distinct protein fibrils deposited in brain tissue of affected animalsprions
, in contrast, lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, and have a simple cellular structure with a single circular chromosome and various plasmids.Prokaryotes
or cryophiles (adj. cryophilic) are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in cold temperaturePsychrophiles
a colony of bacteria grown from the isolation of a single bacterial cell typepure culture
The activated repressor protein binds to the operator and prevents transcription. The trp operon, involved in the synthesisrepressible operon-
primary habitat in the natural world from which a pathogen originatesreservoirs
network of connective tissue fibers (reticulum)reticuloendothelial system
synthesizes DNA from RNAreverse transcription-
rednessrubor
- the mechanical removal of most microbessanitization
An organism that derives its nourishment from nonliving or decaying organic matter.saprobes
occurs when primary infection is complicated by another infection caused by a different microbesecondary infection
general state in which microbes are multiplying in the blood and are present in large numberssepticemia
sequelaelong term or permanent damage to organs and tissues
the use of a single dye(color) to stain a bacterial smearsimple stain
flexible helixSpirochete-
formed by successive cleavages within a sporangiumSporangiospore
-bacteria that are clustered togetherstaph
that arrange themselves into chainsstrep- bacteria
free of viable bacteria or virusessterlie
also known as sepsis or blood poisoning, is a serious medical condition that occurs when toxic substances, such as bacterial toxins or metabolic waste products, accumulate in the bloodstream and cause widespread damage to tissues and organs.toxemia
l- a natural or synthetic substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algaeantimicrobial
This process refers to the conversion of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) by an enzyme called RNA polymerase.transcription
-This process refers to the conversion of mRNA into a protein by ribosomestranslation
motile feeding stage, requires ample food and moisture to remain activetrophozoite
solid mass of tissue that forms when abnormal cells group togethertumor
being in many places at onceubiquity
small infectious agents that depend on living cells of other organisms for replication.virus
infections spread between animals and peoplezoootic pathogen