| structure | Oesophagus
stratified squamous non-keratinised
LPM has smooth muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue in tunica muscular externa (also has auerbachs plexus)
stellate shaped lumen
tunica submucosa has meissners plexus |
| structure | Stomach
Tunica mucosa has gastric pits
No goblet cells
3 layers of smooth muscle in TME + auerbachs plexus
proper gastric glands (have parietal cells) in LPM and two layers of smooth muscle
simple columnar w pale cytoplasm
submucosa has meissners plexus |
| ? | Duodenum
absorptive epithelium with absorptive area (microvilli, valves) crypts of lieberkuhn
Brunners glands in submucosa
LPM has 2 thin layers of smooth muscle tissue
KERCKERINGS VALVES!!! |
| identify | Jejunum:
Absorptive epithelium, numerous kerckerings valves, deep crypts of lieberkuhn has paneth cells. absence of glands in tunica submucosa |
| identify | colon, rectum
4 basic tunicae in the wall
typical intestinal ep. with numerous goblet cells
no intestinal villi
long crypts of lieberkuhn |
| identify | Appendix
thick walled but a small lumen
4 basic tunicae present in the wall
prominent aggregation of lymphatic tissue
abundant goblet cells present in epithelium
rare and short crypts of lieberkuhn |
| identify | Anal canal
3 covering epithelia present
columnar zone-simple columnar epithelium with abundant goblet cells (associated with crypts of leiberkuhn)
intermediate zone- stratified squamous non keratinized which is followed by epidermis
has internal hemorrhoidal plexus and internal sphincter muscles of the anus
skeletal muscle fibers
Skin zone: stratified squamous keratinized has hair follicles and sebaceous glands |
| identify | Liver
hepatocytes (principal cells of the liver parenchyma) form hepatic plates around CENTRAL VEIN!!
triangular portal spaces (peri portal spaces) seen with interlobular artery, interlobular vein and interlobular bile duct |
| identify | gall bladder
mucosa forms irregular,thin folds which are covered by high columnar epithelium. glands of gall bladder only present in neck region.
T. muscular mucosa and the submucosa are absent |
| identify | Pancreas
very similar to parotid
presence of islets of langerhans
absence of striated ducts but has intercalated ducts and interlobular ducts
existence of centroacinar cells inside the acini |
| identify | Pituitary gland
2 parts :
neurohypophysis: has unmyelinated nerve fibres and pituicytes with large pale nuclei and distinct nucleoli
Adenohypophysis: 3 parts
Pars Distalis -Chromophils, Acidophils, Basophils Chromophobes(smallest)
Pars Intermedia - cells arranged in cords or follicles
lumen of follicles filled with colloid. cells are basophilic
pars tuberalis- can't be seen |
| identify | Suprarenal gland
cortex has 3 zones
Zona Glomerulosa - round shaped cords of light epithelial cells
Zona Fasciculata -composed of straight parallel cords of light cells with cytpolasm "spongiocytes"
Zona Reticularis -anastomosing cords formed by dark stained cells
medulla
Chromaffin Cells
Stroma:
Capsule - enclosed by a thin layer of connective tissue. |
| identify | Thyroid gland
composed of follicles filled with colloid
follicular cells, basophilic
parafollicular cells: pale nucleus and distinct nucleolus. |
| identify | Parathyroid gland
Parenchyma-
Chief Cells are the majority of cells in the parathyroid. small and contain large nucleus
Oxyphil Cells- larger cells with dark nuclei and strongly eosinophilic cytoplasm because of numerous mitochondria. |
| identify | Kidneys!!
medulla
has loop of henle
straight proximal and distal tubule
collecting ducts
cortex
Bowmans capsule
proximal and distal convoluted tubule
medullary rays |
| Identify | Ureter:
stellate lumen
tunica adventitia
2 layers of smooth muscle:
inner - longitudinal
outer-circular
lined with urothelium. LPM forms core of mucosal folds |
| identify | Urinary bladder
T.M= transitional epithelium (urothelium)
inner= longitudinal
middle= circular (sphincter)
outer= longitudinal
T.A: LCT by serosa |
| identity | corpus penis
Tunica Albuginea - sheath of dense irregular connective tissue & deep artery of penis
Corpora Cavernosum also has deep artery of penis
Corpus Spongiosum - urethra lined with stratified columnar ep.
paraurethral glands
small cavernous sinuses and trabecular of erectile tissue are between urethra and TA |
| IDENTIFY | glans penis
corpus spongiosum- erectile tissue made of cavernous sinuses and fibromuscular tissue trabeculi
outlined by thin epidermis and CT of dermis connected to DCT. of tunica albuginea
fossa navicuralis lined with stratified squamous non keratinized ep.
thin hair, modified free sebaceous glands |
| identify | OVARY
large cortex and inconspicuous medulla
ovarian follicles
4 layers:
granulosa membrane
basal lamina of follicular cells
theca interna
theca externa
spinocellular LCT of the cortex |
| identify | Ovary corpus luteum
corpus luteum
corpora lutea and & corpora albicantia
cortex contains ovarian follicles
ovarian CT
theca-lutein cells |
| identify | Oviduct
T.M extends to branched anastomosing folds forming a labyrinth that fills the lumen
simple columnar epithelium with ciliated & secretory cells and LPM
T M.externa is relatively thin
Tunica Serosa: thick layer of LCT with mesosalpinx |
| identify | Uterus proliferative phase
endometrium-simple columnar with ciliated and secretory cells
simple tubular endometrial glands are straight and with narrow lumen
LPM formed of spinocellular connective tissue
Myometrium is very thick of smooth muscles
Perimetrium on ant. and post. face of uterus
or parametrium on lateral edges |
| identify | uterus - secretory phase
same as proliferative
glands become highly coiled,
lumens enlarge
stromal CT spindle shaped fibroblasts transform to decimal like cells- functional zone and basal zone |
| identify | Vagina
epithelium: stratified squamous non-keratinised very light stained - the cells look empty with a dark nucleus (characteristic feature)
LPM is thick
thin walled vein
T. muscularis externa: 2 layers of smooth muscle tissue inner: circular is thicker
outer: fibromuscular: longitudinal |
| identify | Early placenta
chorionic villi are large so a lot intervillous space
syncytiotrophoblast & cytotrophoblast can be seen
placental layer full of decidual cells
very loose core mesenchymal CT |
| identify | Late placenta
small chorionic villi
lesser intervillous space
a lot of vessels
only syncytiotrophoblast can be seen
desidual basalis and decidual septa composed of darker stained decidual cells
LCT becomes dct |
| identify | Sympathetic ganglion
large bodies of ganglic cells intermingled with unmyelinated nerve fibres
contains densely packed Schwann cells |
| identify | cerebrospinal nerve
nodes of ranvier
light stained nerve
dark flattened Schwann cells
perineurium coverings
epineurium
endoneurium |
| identify | Spinal cord
white matter at periphery
grey matter in central part
central part has a central canal
pia mater has LCT
arachnoid has several flattened epithelia cells
duramater- DCT
avascular
nissl substance in dendrites (rough endoplasmic reticulum) |
| identify | cerebral cortex
LCT with blood vessels
molecular layer: few neurons
external granular layer: purkinje cells
pyramidal layer : small granular cells
also has glomeruli cells
cerebellar glomeruli |
| identify | cerebellum
3 layers
molecular layer: small cells
granular layer: Golgi and small cells
purkinje cells
learn theory for this slide |
| identify | Choroid plexus
ramified folds and villous-like processes lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
apical pole has microvilli
epithelial cells at a tight junction and form CSF
LPM consists of LCT with many vessels and capillaries |
| identify | LIP
mucosal side has vermillion border without cornfield layer, Submucosa has seromucous salivary glands stratified squamous non keratinized
skeletal muscle tissue
Skin side has epidermis, dermis, skin appendages and sebaceous glands except aromatic apocrine glands
hair |
| identify | parotid
salivary gland
parenchyma has dark stained serous acini in lobules
interlobular striated ducts plus fat cells
large interlobular ducts |
| identify | Submandibular gland
mixed seromucous glands with predominant serous acini
has mucous tubules grouped with serous demilunes |
| identify | sublingual gland
formed of lighter stained mucous tubules, grouped with serous demilunes
interlobular striated ducts
less serous acini that are only in the form of serous demilunes |
| identify | tongue apex (dorsum)
stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium with fungiform papillae
thick layer of skeletal muscle tissue
serous mucous glands in tips of skeletal muscle in the tip of the tongue |
| Identify | Adenohypophysis
pars distalis: has chromophobes, chromophils
pars tuberalis:
pars intermedia:
cords of epithelial cells
basophilic cells
lumen of follicles contains colloid |
