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Questions and Answers List

Question	Answer
Flame spectroscopic methods frequently used for analysis:	1 Atomic/Flame emission spectrophotometry (AES) 2 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) 3 Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Atomic Emission Spectroscopy AAI
Principles: 1 Atoms are thermally excited so that they emit light and the radiation emitted is measured Applications: 1 Quantification of alkali metals (Group 1A: Na, K) in alkali metal 2 Determination of metallic impurities in some inorganic salts 3 Lithium carbonate, Calcium in blood	Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry (AES)
Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry (AES) STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS	Strengths: Flame photometry provides robust, cheap, selective method; simple instrumentation Limitations: Only applicable to the determination of alkali and some alkaline earth metals
Principles: Atoms of a metal are volatilized in a flame and their absorption of a narrow band of radiation produced by a hollow cathode lamp, coated with the particular metal being determined, is measured Applications: Determination of metal residues	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS)
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS	Strengths: More sensitive than AES Highly specific method of analysis Limitations: Only applicable to metallic elements Each element requires a different hollow cathode lamp for its determination