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level: INTRODUCTION

Questions and Answers List

level questions: INTRODUCTION

Question	Answer
Deals with tumors, including the origin, development, diagnosis, and treatment of benign and malignant neoplasms.	ONCOLOGY
Any injury, cells come to do their job on the site to have the process of regeneration and repair, but in terms of a sudden alteration of the process by some factors, neoplasm or cancer comes in	Oral Pathology
Encompasses of group of diseases that are marked by a rapid, uncontrolled cell proliferation and conversion of a normal cell into a more primitive and undifferentiated state.	Cancer
"NEW GROWTH"	NEOPLASMS
A new, often uncontrolled growth of abnormal tissue. (continuous process)	NEOPLASMS
Parasitic, abnormal mass of cells which grows more or less progressively unless excised or controlled by therapeutic intervention	NEOPLASMS
2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOPLASMS:neoplasms compete with normal tissues and cells for their metabolic needs.	BEHAVE AS PARASITES
2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOPLASMS:All neoplasms are critically dependent on an adequate blood supply derived from the host	BEHAVE AS PARASITES
2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOPLASMS:It more or less steadily increases in size regardless of their local environment and the nutritional status of the host.	AUTONOMY
A diagnostic word referring to a swelling	TUMOR
Maybe due to an inflammation, a reparative process, malformation, or neoplasm	TUMOR
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO BIOLOGIC BEHAVIOR:A slow growing neoplasm, remains localized, and usually does little harm to the host	BENIGN
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO BIOLOGIC BEHAVIOR:A neoplasm with the ability to invade Other tissues and can cause death	MALIGNANT
Transference of disease-producing organisms or of malignant or cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of blood or lymphatic vessels or membranous surfaces	METASTASIS
Any gene that is a causative factor in the initiation of cancerous growth	ONCOGENE
Generation of tumors	ONCOGENESIS
Capability of inducing tumor formation	ONCOGENICITY
It is an organism's ability to replace body parts,	REGENERATION
A specific method of healing that is noted for its ability to regrow lost limb, severed nerve, and other wounds,	REGENERATION
Quantitative increase in the number of cells; No significant alteration in cell structure and function	HYPERPLASIA
Cells maintain normal appearance but may have larger and slightly hyperchromatic(deeply stained) nuclei and abnormally prominent nucleoli	HYPERPLASIA
Adaptive substitution by one type of adult or fully differentiated cell; Protective or adaptive response	METAPLASIA
Main cause of metaplasia	vitamin a deficiency
FORERUNNER OF A CANCER	DYSPLASIA
Loss in the uniformity of the individual cells	DYSPLASIA
Loss of architectural orientation	DYSPLASIA
Pleomorphism (variation in size and shape)	DYSPLASIA
Deeply stained (hyperchromatic) nuclei abnormally large for the Size Of the cell	DYSPLASIA
Cells fail to develop recognizable patterns of orientation to each other	ANAPLASIA
Nuclei extremely large and hyperchromatic; variable and bizarre in size and shape	ANAPLASIA
two principal criteria by which a diagnosis of cancer is made in a primary lesion.	ANAPLASIA and evidence Of INVASION Of normal tissues
Abnormal cells that have not yet spread beyond they first formed	Carcinoma in Situ
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(DIFFERENTIATION):Resembles tissue of origin	BENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(DIFFERENTIATION):Less differentiated	MALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(DIFFERENTIATION):Often atypical	MALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(ANAPLASIA):absent	BENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(ANAPLASIA):Present	MALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(ENLARGEMENT):Usually progressive	BENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(ENLARGEMENT):Progressive or erratic	MALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(GROWTH):Slow growing	BENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(GROWTH):Fast growing	MALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):Expansile	BENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):Localized	BENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):encapsulated	BENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):Invasive	MALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):Metastatic	MALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):unencapsulated	MALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(PROGNOSIS):Amenable to surgical removal	BENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(PROGNOSIS):Patient survival: good	BENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(PROGNOSIS):Immediate tx needed or progressive spread follows	MALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(PROGNOSIS):poor	MALIGNANT
BENIGN NEOPLASMS:Arise from fibrous tissue, composed of fibrocytes	FIBROMA
BENIGN NEOPLASMS:Cartilaginous tumor	CHONDROMA
BENIGN NEOPLASMS:Epithelial neoplasms producing gland patterns/derived from gland	ADENOMA
BENIGN NEOPLASMS:Epithelial neoplasms growing on any surface, producing finger-like warty growths or microscopic projections.	PAPILLOMA
MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS: Any stratified squamous epithelium of the body.	Squamous cell carcinoma
MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS: Lesion where neoplastic epithelial cells grown in gland patterns	Adenocarcinoma
Arise from mesenchymal tissue or derivatives	SARCOMA
arise from all 3 germ layers; epithelial	CARCINOMA
TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF TUMORS:Proliferating neoplastic cells	PARENCHYMA
TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF TUMORS:Largely determines biologic behavior of the tumor and is the component from which the tumor derives its name	PARENCHYMA
TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF TUMORS:Supporting layer of connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics	STROMA
TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF TUMORS:Provides support for the growth of parenchymal cells	STROMA
TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF TUMORS:Structural support of parenchyma and carries with it nutrient blood supply	STROMA
If there is parenchyma but stroma is absent, it causes ____ of the neoplasm	death
TWO TYPES OF STROMA:“Fleshy tumor”, very little fibrous stroma, soft and fleshy	Sarcoma
TWO TYPES OF STROMA:(less connective tissue)	Sarcoma
TWO TYPES OF STROMA:Gritty hardness due to a very strong stromal proliferative reaction	Desmoplasia
TWO TYPES OF STROMA:scirrhous” (e.g. scirrhous carcinoma of the breast)	Desmoplasia
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:E.g. Cancer of mucosa at wall of gut + visceral peritoneum	SEEDING OF CANCERS
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Reimplants at distant sites throughout peritoneal cavity	SEEDING OF CANCERS
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Peritoneal Cavities (Pleural, pericardial, subarachnoid spaces)	SEEDING OF CANCERS
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Transport of tumor cell fragments by surgical instruments of Surgeon’s gloved hands to sites away from the origin of the cancer.	TRANSPLANTATION
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Most common	LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Tends to follow the natural drainage paths of the site of tumorous invasion	LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:E.g. Cancer of breast(oncocytes) à axillary nodes à nodes along internal mammary artery and suprainfraclavicular regions	LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Most important other than lymphatic (because once blood vessels are invaded, metastasis or spread of cancer can be as fast as a lightning)	BLOOD VESSEL INVASION
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:E.g. renal carcinoma à renal vein à inferior vena cava	BLOOD VESSEL INVASION
The term used to describe a malignant transformation wherein the entire thickness of the epithelium is involved with dysplastic changes is	Carcinoma in Situ
The following are mesenchymal in origin, EXCEPT Liposarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Fibrosarcoma, Colonic polyp	Colonic polyp